Which statement is TRUE about if statement in the C programming language?
A non-zero value written in the condition means True
C does not have a dedicated boolean type in its original standard; instead it treats integer (and pointer) values as truth values in a condition. The rule is simple and fundamental: the value 0 is interpreted as False, and any non-zero value is interpreted as True. This applies to the controlling expression of if, while, for and the ternary operator alike.
Consequences of this rule are that if(5), if(-1) and if(0.1) all take the True branch because none of these values is zero, whereas if(0) takes the False branch (or the else, if present).
Evaluating the statements:
- A non-zero value in the condition means True — this is the correct statement and a direct restatement of C's truth rule.
- The claim that a value of 0 means True is the reverse of the actual convention; 0 means False.
- The claim that every
ifmust have a matchingelseis wrong: theelseclause is entirely optional, and a loneifis perfectly valid. - The claim that
ifstatements cannot be nested is also wrong; nesting oneifinside another (or inside anelse) is common and fully supported.
Hence only the statement that a non-zero condition value means True is correct.
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In object-oriented programming, which keyword ensures that a member variable belongs to the class itself rather than to any specific object, thereby allowing all instances to share a single copy of that variable?
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