Explain gross anatomical features of ovary and oviduct of Fowl with the help of diagrams.
Here’s a structured explanation of the gross anatomical features of the ovary and oviduct of the fowl. I can also prepare labeled diagrams for you to visualize better.
Ovary (Left Functional Ovary)
- In adult hens, only the left ovary is functional; the right one regresses during embryonic life.
- It lies in the abdominal cavity, close to the left kidney and attached by the mesovarium.
- The ovary is cluster-like (bunch of grapes) in appearance, due to follicles of different sizes and stages of development.
- Each follicle contains an oocyte (yolk) surrounded by layers of granulosa and theca cells.
- At ovulation, the mature follicle ruptures, releasing the yolk into the infundibulum of the oviduct.
Oviduct (Left Functional Oviduct)
- Only the left oviduct develops fully and functions in egg formation.
- It is a long, coiled muscular tube (~60–70 cm in hens) suspended by the mesosalpinx.
- Divided into five main regions:
- Infundibulum – funnel-shaped, captures the ovulated yolk; site of fertilization.
- Magnum – secretes albumen (egg white).
- Isthmus – adds shell membranes.
- Uterus (Shell gland) – deposits calcium carbonate, forming the shell.
- Vagina – muscular part aiding in egg laying; also has sperm storage tubules.
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