Discuss the various factors that lead to non-union of broken bones.
Non-union of fractures occurs when bone healing fails, resulting in a persistent gap or false joint. Causes include inadequate immobilization or instability disrupting callus formation, and poor blood supply from severe trauma or soft tissue damage. Infection (osteomyelitis) hinders repair by destroying bone. A large fracture gap or soft tissue interposition prevents bone contact. Nutritional deficiencies of calcium, phosphorus, or vitamins D and C impair osteogenesis. Systemic disease, old age, or reduced healing capacity further delay recovery. Severe trauma with bone loss also predisposes to non-union. Proper stabilization, infection control, and nutritional support are essential for healing.
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Sakshi Negi
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