Disease transmission is the process by which infectious agents spread from infected to susceptible hosts.

Methods of Transmission:

• Direct: Contact (touching, licking, mating) spreads diseases like rabies and ringworm; droplet spread transmits respiratory infections like influenza.
   
• Indirect: Airborne pathogens travel as aerosols (e.g., tuberculosis, avian influenza). Vehicle-borne transmission occurs via contaminated feed, water, or equipment (e.g., salmonellosis). Vector-borne transmission involves insects or ticks (e.g., malaria, bluetongue). Oral/fecal-oral spread occurs through contaminated food or water (e.g., cholera, E. coli).
   

Control Measures:

• Prevention: Vaccination, strict biosecurity (sanitation, access control, pest control), and good husbandry (nutrition, hygiene, stress reduction).
   
• Containment & Eradication: Surveillance and early detection, quarantine, culling of infected animals, treatment with antimicrobials or anti-parasitics, and disinfection of facilities.
   
• Education: Training workers in biosecurity and disease management to reduce risk.
   

Together, these measures break transmission chains and safeguard animal and public health.