Direction: The sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph. A. The expansion of education in English, the language of modern science, during British rule was extremely beneficial to Indian science. B. The creation of three universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras in 1857 gave the study of science a boost. C. The first scientific research facility was established in Calcutta in 1876 by a wealthy doctor, Mahendra Lal Sircar. It was called the Indian organisation for the growth of science. D. It quickly began to dominate scientific endeavours in India before independence.
ADBC
Understanding Jumbled Sentences: Arranging for Coherence
The task requires arranging the given sentences (A, B, C, and D) in a logical order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph. To do this, we need to look for connections between sentences, identify the likely starting sentence, and determine the flow of ideas and events.
Analyzing Each Sentence
- Sentence A: "The expansion of education in English, the language of modern science, during British rule was extremely beneficial to Indian science." This sentence introduces the main topic: the positive impact of English education on Indian science during the British period. It seems like a good opening statement as it sets the context.
- Sentence B: "The creation of three universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras in 1857 gave the study of science a boost." This sentence provides a specific example of how education was expanded and specifically mentions universities established in 1857. This event is a consequence or part of the expansion mentioned in A.
- Sentence C: "The first scientific research facility was established in Calcutta in 1876 by a wealthy doctor, Mahendra Lal Sircar. It was called the Indian organisation for the growth of science." This sentence introduces another specific development related to science – the establishment of a research facility in 1876.
- Sentence D: "It quickly began to dominate scientific endeavours in India before independence." This sentence uses the pronoun "It". We need to figure out what "It" refers to. Given the context of the other sentences, "It" most likely refers to a specific institution or development mentioned previously. It talks about something that became dominant in scientific endeavours before India gained independence (1947).
Evaluating the Flow Based on the Correct Order (ADBC)
Let's examine the provided correct sequence: ADBC.
- A. The expansion of education in English, the language of modern science, during British rule was extremely beneficial to Indian science. (This sets the stage, talking about the general positive impact of English education.)
- D. It quickly began to dominate scientific endeavours in India before independence. (Here, "It" is the tricky part. If ADBC is the correct order, "It" in D must refer back to something in A or a concept implied by A. A possible interpretation is that "It" refers to the *momentum* or *system* of modern Indian science that emerged due to the expansion of English education. This momentum/system then began to dominate scientific endeavours.)
- B. The creation of three universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras in 1857 gave the study of science a boost. (This sentence introduces a specific event – the creation of universities in 1857. This event is a clear example of the expansion of education mentioned in A, and it contributed to the development of science that led to the dominance mentioned in D. Its placement after D means it's presented as a specific detail following the general outcome described in D.)
- C. The first scientific research facility was established in Calcutta in 1876 by a wealthy doctor, Mahendra Lal Sircar. It was called the Indian organisation for the growth of science. (This sentence introduces another specific development – the establishment of the first research facility in 1876. This is another instance of the growth of science during the period, following the university creation mentioned in B chronologically.)
Constructing the Paragraph in the ADBC Sequence
Putting the sentences together in the order ADBC:
The expansion of education in English, the language of modern science, during British rule was extremely beneficial to Indian science. It quickly began to dominate scientific endeavours in India before independence. The creation of three universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras in 1857 gave the study of science a boost. The first scientific research facility was established in Calcutta in 1876 by a wealthy doctor, Mahendra Lal Sircar. It was called the Indian organisation for the growth of science.
While the link between A and D, and the placement of B and C after D, might seem slightly counter-intuitive chronologically (as 1857 and 1876 events precede "before independence"), the sequence presents a possible flow:
- A: General benefit of English education.
- D: The resulting momentum of Indian science became dominant.
- B: A key event (universities in 1857) that contributed to this momentum.
- C: Another key event (facility in 1876) that further advanced science.
This structure focuses on the overall impact (D) as a consequence of the initial cause (A), followed by specific historical examples (B and C) that illustrate the developments contributing to that impact.
Revision Table: Evaluating Sentence Order
| Sequence | Flow Analysis |
|---|---|
| ADBC | A introduces the benefit of English education. D follows, stating its impact ("It" referring to the resulting scientific momentum dominating). B and C provide specific instances (universities in 1857, facility in 1876) that contributed to this development, presented after the general impact statement. This sequence is coherent, although the placement of B and C after D requires interpreting D as the overarching outcome of the period. |
| ABCD | A introduces benefit. B provides a specific instance (universities in 1857). C provides another instance (facility in 1876). D follows saying "It" dominated. "It" could refer to the facility in C, but placing the impact D only on C after discussing B doesn't fully capture the broader context set by A and B. |
| ACDB | A introduces benefit. C introduces the facility in 1876. D follows with "It" (the facility) dominating. B provides universities in 1857, placed at the end. This puts the chronologically earlier event (B) after the later ones (C and D), making the flow less smooth. The CD link is strong, but the placement of B is problematic. |
| ABDC | A introduces benefit. B provides universities in 1857. D follows saying "It" dominated. "It" is unclear here - referring to universities in B? Or the overall science? C follows. This sequence breaks the strong potential link between C and D. |
Based on the analysis, the sequence ADBC, while requiring a specific interpretation of sentence D, forms a paragraph that presents the benefit of English education, its overall impact on Indian science, followed by specific historical events that contributed to this development.
Conclusion
Arranging the sentences in the order ADBC creates a paragraph that begins with a general statement about the benefit of English education, moves to the overall impact, and then provides specific historical examples that support the initial statement and contributed to the described impact. Therefore, ADBC is the logical arrangement.
Additional Information on Indian Science Development
The development of modern science in India during the British Raj was a complex process influenced by various factors, including colonial policies, the introduction of Western education, and the efforts of Indian scientists and institutions. The expansion of education, particularly in English, played a crucial role in providing access to modern scientific knowledge and methodologies. The establishment of universities in the mid-19th century was a significant step in institutionalizing scientific study. Later, dedicated research institutions like the one founded by Mahendra Lal Sircar further pushed the boundaries of scientific research in India. These developments laid the groundwork for scientific progress before India gained independence.
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Important Questions from Para Jumbles
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P: the university authorities cancelled the ongoing student's union election and
Q: following student's unrest on campus
R: closed till further orders
S: declared the institution
Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, the part of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly.
P: an earthquake and tsunami
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P: scientists say they have developed a new
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S: bees might be the best-known pollinators
