Describe the main features of Indian new middle class. How is it different from the old middle class?
The Indian 'new middle class' is largely a product of economic liberalization post-1991, characterized by its greater disposable income, consumerist orientation, and global aspirations. Its main features include a strong emphasis on education (often English medium and private), a preference for modern consumer goods, reliance on technology, and a generally nuclear family structure, though joint family ties might still exist. They often work in the service sector (IT, finance, management), have professional qualifications, and are geographically mobile.
It differs significantly from the 'old middle class,' which emerged post-independence. The old middle class was largely salaried, primarily in government or public sector jobs, with a focus on frugality, savings, and security. Their aspirations were often limited to basic comfort and upward social mobility through education and government service. They were more inward-looking, less exposed to global consumption patterns, and often upheld more traditional social values. The new middle class, in contrast, is more entrepreneurial, globally connected, and driven by an ethic of individual achievement and conspicuous consumption.
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