Describe the effect of Avian Influenza Virus on Poultry industry and suggest the control measures to be adopted for effective control of Avian Influenza. Mention the WHO's guidelines for addressing the pandemic situation.
Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) severely impacts the poultry industry, with Highly Pathogenic strains (HPAI) causing up to 90–100% mortality, rapid spread, and devastating economic losses due to deaths, mass culling, trade bans, and reduced consumer confidence. Low Pathogenic strains (LPAI) also affect production through mild illness and reduced egg/meat yield. Control relies on strict biosecurity (limiting contact with wild birds, disinfection, visitor control, and separate flock equipment), early detection and reporting, rapid culling of infected flocks, movement restrictions, and targeted vaccination, though vaccines alone are insufficient. Continuous surveillance of wild and domestic birds is essential to track emergence. In human health, WHO emphasizes global surveillance, timely data sharing, vaccine and antiviral development, healthcare preparedness, and non-pharmaceutical interventions like hygiene and distancing to prevent zoonotic spread. The combined aim is to detect early, contain outbreaks, and safeguard both poultry production and human health.
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