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Question

A major component of ethnographic research is

This question was previously asked in
UGC NET 2022 Paper 1 Question Paper (22-Oct-2022) (Shift 2)
The correct answer is

Observation

Concept: Ethnography is a qualitative research method used mainly in anthropology and sociology to study a culture, community or group in its natural setting. The researcher immerses in the field for a prolonged period and studies people's behaviour, customs and interactions as they actually occur. Its defining, major component is participant observation — watching and recording behaviour in the real-life context.

Why the other options are wrong:
Simulation — an artificial, controlled imitation of a real situation; it is the opposite of ethnography's natural-setting fieldwork.
Third party validation — a verification/reliability step, not the core data-gathering activity of ethnography.
Questionnaire survey — a structured, largely quantitative instrument that collects standardised responses; ethnography relies on immersion and observation rather than pre-set questionnaires.

Takeaway: Ethnographic research is built on direct, in-the-field observation of people in their natural cultural setting.
Correct answer: Observation

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