Which of the following are the ancient Indian texts on Astronomy? A. Sāṅkhyakārikā B. Siddhānta Siromaṇi C. Sūrja Siddhānta D. Gṛihya Sūtras Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
B and C only
Among the four texts named, Siddhānta Śiromaṇi and Sūrya Siddhānta are the astronomical (jyotiṣa) treatises. Siddhānta Śiromaṇi, written by Bhāskara II in the 12th century, deals with planetary positions, mathematics and astronomy, while the Sūrya Siddhānta is a foundational ancient text on the motions of planets, eclipses and time-reckoning. So B and C are astronomy texts.
Sāṅkhyakārikā, composed by Īśvarakṛṣṇa, is the principal text of the Sāṅkhya school of Indian philosophy — it discusses metaphysics and the nature of reality, not astronomy. The Gṛihya Sūtras are manuals prescribing domestic rituals and ceremonies (household rites), again unrelated to astronomy. Hence A and D are wrong.
Therefore only B and C are ancient Indian texts on astronomy.
Takeaway: Siddhānta Śiromaṇi and Sūrya Siddhānta are astronomy texts, whereas Sāṅkhyakārikā is philosophy and the Gṛihya Sūtras are ritual manuals.
Correct answer: B and C only.
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