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Question

Trace the reasons for limited effectiveness of the NITI Aayog. 

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2025 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (25-May-2025)

The NITI Aayog, envisioned as India’s premier policy think-tank, has faced several challenges that constrain its overall effectiveness. Unlike the erstwhile Planning Commission, it functions purely in an advisory capacity and lacks direct financial allocation powers, which means its recommendations are not binding on states, thereby reducing its influence in policy implementation. While NITI Aayog aspires to promote cooperative federalism, this often encounters friction with states’ autonomy, resulting in uneven adoption of its suggestions. Translating high-level discussions and policy frameworks into uniform, actionable strategies across India’s diverse states remains a persistent challenge. Additionally, issues related to staffing, including perceived gaps in technical expertise across all sectors, sometimes limit the quality and comprehensiveness of its advice. At times, its recommendations are perceived as closely aligned with central government perspectives rather than independent, objective counsel. Collectively, these factors underscore why NITI Aayog, despite its potential, has struggled to achieve its envisioned transformative impact on policy and governance.

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