In terms of total $CO_2$ emissions from a country, identify the correct sequence:
China > U.S.A. > India > Russia
The question asks for total national emissions rather than emissions per person, and the two rankings are quite different, so the first thing to fix is which measure applies.
On total emissions the order is China, then the United States, then India, then Russia.
China is the largest emitter in the world. It overtook the United States around 2006, driven by rapid industrialisation and heavy reliance on coal for electricity, and by the time of this paper it accounted for roughly a quarter of global emissions.
The United States is second. It was the largest emitter for most of the twentieth century and remains the largest cumulative emitter in history, but its annual total has been broadly flat or declining as gas and renewables displace coal.
India is third. Its emissions have risen steadily with economic growth and expanding electricity access, and it moved ahead of Russia into third place during the 2000s.
Russia is fourth. Its emissions fell sharply after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s and have not returned to their earlier level.
The contrast with per capita emissions is worth holding in mind, because it explains why the two are so often confused. Ranked per person the order is quite different - the United States and Russia are high, China is moderate, and India is very low, well below the world average - since India's total is large chiefly because its population is large. This paper's Q38 asks for the total, so population size works in India's disfavour in the ranking.
Hence the correct sequence is China greater than U.S.A. greater than India greater than Russia.
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