In the context of climate change which of the following observations are correct for 20th century with reference to 1750?
A. The global average surface temperature has increased by 0.6°C.
B. Greater increase in daytime temperature than night time has been observed.
C. Global average sea level rose 0.1-0.2 m largely due to thermal expansion.
D. The atmosphere concentration of Carbon dioxide (CO2) has increased by 31%.
E. Precipitation in the northern hemisphere has decreased by 1% per decade.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
A, C and D only
This question tests knowledge of the well-documented observations of climate change over the 20th century, measured against the pre-industrial baseline year 1750.
A. TRUE — Global average surface temperature rose by about 0.6°C during the 20th century, one of the clearest signals of global warming.
B. FALSE — The actual observation is the opposite: night-time (minimum) temperatures have risen faster than day-time (maximum) temperatures, narrowing the diurnal temperature range; so the statement that daytime temperature increased more than night-time is incorrect.
C. TRUE — Global average sea level rose by roughly 0.1 to 0.2 metres during the 20th century, driven mainly by thermal expansion of ocean water as it warms, with a smaller contribution from melting glaciers and ice.
D. TRUE — The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) increased by about 31% relative to the pre-industrial (1750) level, rising from roughly 280 ppm to about 368 ppm, largely due to fossil-fuel burning and land-use change.
E. FALSE — Rather than a uniform decrease, precipitation over land in the northern hemisphere mid- to high-latitudes actually increased by about 0.5-1% per decade during the 20th century, even though some regions such as the subtropics saw decreases.
Since only A, C and D correctly describe the observed 20th century changes, these three statements together give the correct combination.
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