Analogy Question Analysis

The question presents a word analogy where we need to determine the relationship between the first pair of words (MONDAY and RJSIVD) and apply the same relationship to the third word (TROUBLE) to find the fourth word.

This is a type of coding-decoding question often found in logical reasoning sections. The key is to identify the rule or pattern used to transform the first word into the second word.

Decoding the Pattern: MONDAY to RJSIVD

Let's examine the transformation from MONDAY to RJSIVD letter by letter.

MONDAY → RJSIVD

We can analyze the shift in alphabetical position for each letter. Let's assign a numerical value to each letter based on its position in the English alphabet (A=1, B=2, ..., Z=26).

The shifts initially appear to be +5, -5, +5, +5, +21, +5. This pattern seems inconsistent, especially the +21 shift for 'A'. Let's look for another pattern, perhaps based on the type of letter (consonant or vowel).

• Consonants in MONDAY: M, N, D, Y. The shifts for these letters are +5, +5, +5, +5. This suggests that consonants are shifted +5 places forward.
• Vowels in MONDAY: O, A. The shift for O is -5. The shift for A is +21. Can the shift for A also be -5 cyclically? A(1) - 5 = -4. Counting backward from Z(26): Z(26-1=25), Y(26-2=24), X(26-3=23), W(26-4=22), V(26-5=21). So a -5 shift from A lands on V (22). Yes, A(1) - 5 = -4, adding 26 for cyclic shift gives $1 - 5 + 26 = 22$, which is V.

Therefore, the consistent rule is:

• Consonants are shifted 5 places forward in the alphabet (cyclically).
• Vowels are shifted 5 places backward in the alphabet (cyclically).

Let's verify this rule with MONDAY:

• M (Consonant): $M(13) + 5 = R(18)$ ✓
• O (Vowel): $O(15) - 5 = J(10)$ ✓
• N (Consonant): $N(14) + 5 = S(19)$ ✓
• D (Consonant): $D(4) + 5 = I(9)$ ✓
• A (Vowel): $A(1) - 5 = -4 \rightarrow 26 - 4 = V(22)$ ✓
• Y (Consonant): $Y(25) + 5 = 30 \rightarrow 30 - 26 = D(4)$ ✓

The rule is confirmed.

Applying the Rule to TROUBLE

Now we apply the same rule (Consonants +5, Vowels -5) to the word TROUBLE, which has 7 letters.

Combining the resulting letters from applying the rule to each letter of TROUBLE, we get YWJPGQZ.

Comparing with Options

Let's check the derived word YWJPGQZ against the given options:

• Option 1: XWJPFQJ
• Option 2: YVJPFQZ
• Option 3: YWJPGQZ
• Option 4: CWJQGQZ

Our result, YWJPGQZ, exactly matches Option 3.

Conclusion: Finding the Related Term

Based on the consistent consonant (+5) and vowel (-5) shifting rule derived from the MONDAY to RJSIVD transformation, applying the same rule to TROUBLE yields the word YWJPGQZ. This confirms the pattern and identifies the correct related term.

Revision Table: Key Concepts in Letter Coding

Additional Information: Solving Verbal Analogies

Verbal analogies, especially those involving letters or words, require careful observation and pattern recognition. Here are some general tips for solving such problems:

• Analyze the First Pair: Spend time understanding the relationship between the first two terms. Look for patterns in meaning, sound, structure, or letter manipulation.
• Check Letter-by-Letter: For coding-decoding, analyze the transformation of each letter individually. Look at position shifts, reversal, skipping letters, or rules based on letter properties (like consonant/vowel).
• Consider Word Properties: Look at the length of the words, the position of vowels/consonants, or any other structural features that might be part of the rule.
• Formulate a Rule: Once a potential pattern is observed, formulate a clear rule that explains the transformation of the first word into the second.
• Apply the Rule: Apply the exact same rule consistently to the third word to generate the fourth term.
• Verify with Options: Check if the generated term matches any of the provided options. This helps confirm if the identified rule was correct. If your result isn't in the options, re-analyze the first pair for alternative patterns.

Practicing various types of letter and word analogies helps build proficiency in identifying different kinds of patterns and applying them accurately.