Solving Coding Decoding Questions: Finding the Pattern

This question asks us to decipher a specific code language based on two examples and then apply that logic to a new word, 'ORGANIZE'. These types of problems test our ability to identify patterns and rules in how words are transformed.

Let's analyze the given examples to find the underlying coding rule:

Analyzing the First Example: NORTHERN

The word 'NORTHERN' is coded as 'RONEHTRN'. Let's look at the letters and their positions:

From this, we can observe the following mapping of positions:

• The letter at coded position 1 is the letter from original position 3 (R).
• The letter at coded position 2 is the letter from original position 2 (O).
• The letter at coded position 3 is the letter from original position 1 (N).
• The letter at coded position 4 is the letter from original position 6 (E).
• The letter at coded position 5 is the letter from original position 5 (H).
• The letter at coded position 6 is the letter from original position 4 (T).
• The letter at coded position 7 is the letter from original position 7 (R).
• The letter at coded position 8 is the letter from original position 8 (N).

This suggests a pattern based on groups of letters. The first three letters (NOR) are reordered as (R O N), following the position order (3 2 1). The next three letters (THE) are reordered as (E H T), following the position order (6 5 4) relative to the whole word, or (3 2 1) relative to the group. The last two letters (RN) remain in their original positions (7 8).

Analyzing the Second Example: OPPONENT

The word 'OPPONENT' is coded as 'PPOENONT'. Let's check if the same pattern holds:

Looking at the original positions of the coded letters:

• P (coded pos 1) is from original pos 2.
• P (coded pos 2) is from original pos 3.
• O (coded pos 3) is from original pos 1.

The first three letters (OPP) are reordered as (P P O), following the position order (2 3 1). This is different from the (3 2 1) in the first example. Let's re-examine the first example's coding.

NORTHERN (12345678) → RONEHTRN

R(3) O(2) N(1) E(6) H(5) T(4) R(7) N(8)

OPPONENT (12345678) → PPOENONT

P(2) P(3) O(1) E(6) N(5) O(4) N(7) T(8)

Okay, let's look at the position mapping relative to the word segments:

• First 3 letters: (1 2 3) map to (3 2 1) in NORTHERN and (2 3 1) in OPPONENT. This seems inconsistent.
• Next 3 letters: (4 5 6) map to (6 5 4) in NORTHERN and (6 5 4) in OPPONENT. This is consistent.
• Last 2 letters: (7 8) map to (7 8) in NORTHERN and (7 8) in OPPONENT. This is also consistent.

Let's look at the letters themselves rather than just positions relative to 1-8. The first three letters are NOR and OPP. Their codes are RON and PPO. It seems the letters within the first three are rearranged. The rule is applied to the *letters* in the group.

• NORTHERN: N O R T H E R N → R O N E H T R N. The letters N, O, R become R, O, N.
• OPPONENT: O P P O N E N T → P P O E N O N T. The letters O, P, P become P, P, O.

It looks like the first letter of the group goes to the 3rd position, the second letter goes to the 2nd position, and the third letter goes to the 1st position within the group (3 2 1). Let's re-check OPPONENT with this idea.

• OPPONENT: O(1st) P(2nd) P(3rd) → P(3rd) P(2nd) O(1st). This works! The mapping for the first group (1 2 3) is actually position (3 2 1) relative to the original group members.

Let's verify the middle group (letters 4-6):

• NORTHERN: N O R T H E R N → R O N E H T R N. T(4) H(5) E(6) become E(6) H(5) T(4). The letters T, H, E become E, H, T. The mapping is (6 5 4) relative to original word position, or (3 2 1) relative to the group (T=1st, H=2nd, E=3rd).
• OPPONENT: O P P O N E N T → P P O E N O N T. O(4) N(5) E(6) become E(6) N(5) O(4). The letters O, N, E become E, N, O. The mapping is (6 5 4) relative to original word position, or (3 2 1) relative to the group (O=1st, N=2nd, E=3rd).

The pattern for the middle group (letters 4-6) is also (3 2 1) relative to the letters within that group.

Finally, the last group (letters 7-8):

• NORTHERN: N O R T H E R N → R O N E H T R N. The letters R, N stay as R, N. Mapping (7 8).
• OPPONENT: O P P O N E N T → P P O E N O N T. The letters N, T stay as N, T. Mapping (7 8).

The pattern for the last group (letters 7-8) is no change (1 2 relative to the group).

The Coding Rule Summary:

The 8-letter word is divided into three groups: the first 3 letters, the next 3 letters, and the last 2 letters.

• Group 1 (letters 1-3): The letters are rearranged. The 1st letter of the group goes to the 3rd position within the group, the 2nd letter stays at the 2nd position, and the 3rd letter goes to the 1st position. (Positional mapping within group: 3 2 1).
• Group 2 (letters 4-6): The letters are rearranged using the same (3 2 1) positional mapping within the group.
• Group 3 (letters 7-8): The letters remain in their original positions (1 2 positional mapping within the group).

Applying the Rule to ORGANIZE

Now let's apply this rule to the word 'ORGANIZE':

• ORGA N I Z E → Group 1 is ORG. Applying the (3 2 1) rule: G (3rd letter) comes first, R (2nd letter) comes second, O (1st letter) comes third. So, ORG becomes GRO.
• O R G A N I Z E → Group 2 is ANI. Applying the (3 2 1) rule: I (3rd letter) comes first, N (2nd letter) comes second, A (1st letter) comes third. So, ANI becomes INA.
• O R G A N I Z E → Group 3 is ZE. Applying the (1 2) rule (no change): Z comes first, E comes second. So, ZE remains ZE.

Combining the transformed groups:

GRO + INA + ZE = GROINAZE

Comparing with Options

Let's compare our result 'GROINAZE' with the given options:

1. GROIANZE
2. GROINAEZ
3. GROINAZE
4. GRIONAZE

Our calculated code 'GROINAZE' matches option 3.

Revision Table: Coding Pattern

Combining the coded groups GRO, INA, and ZE gives the final coded word: GROINAZE.

Additional Information: Coding Decoding Types

Coding and decoding questions are common in logical reasoning sections of competitive exams. They involve finding a hidden rule or pattern used to transform a word, number, or series into another form.

Common types of coding-decoding patterns include:

• Letter Shifting: Each letter is shifted a fixed number of positions forward or backward in the alphabet (e.g., A → C, B → D is a shift of +2).
• Direct Letter Coding: Each letter in the original word is directly substituted with another letter or symbol.
• Position Interchange: Letters within a word or group of words swap positions based on a specific pattern, as seen in this problem.
• Mixed Letter and Number Coding: A combination of letter changes and number assignments based on position, value, or other rules.
• Word Substitution: Words are assigned substitute names (e.g., 'red' is called 'blue', 'blue' is called 'green'). Questions then ask for the substitute name of a given word.

Solving these questions requires careful observation, breaking down the transformation, and testing potential rules against the given examples before applying the rule to the word in question.