Directions: In this section, each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6.The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, accordingly Q, R, and on S. the You Answer are required t
S1: Montesquieu was a great philosopher of his time.
S6: He supported constitutional monarchy in France like the English one.
P: He wanted power to be shared between the king, the nobles, and the Third Estate.
Q: In his book The Spirit of the Laws, he propagated the theory of separating powers into three branches of government the Legislative, the Executive and the Judiciary.
R: To prevent any one of the three classes from becoming too powerful, Montesquieu suggested the making of a new constitution based on checks and balances.
S: If this was done, he argued, there would be no tyranny and the liberty of the individual could be safeguarded.
Montesquieu's Theory: Sentence Arrangement
This question asks us to arrange four jumbled sentences (P, Q, R, S) to form a coherent paragraph, given the fixed first sentence (S1) and last sentence (S6).
S1: Montesquieu was a great philosopher of his time.
S6: He supported constitutional monarchy in France like the English one.
Jumbled Sentences Analysis
Let's break down each jumbled sentence to understand its meaning and potential role in the paragraph:
- P: He wanted power to be shared between the king, the nobles, and the Third Estate. (This sentence discusses the distribution of power among different social classes.)
- Q: In his book The Spirit of the Laws, he propagated the theory of separating powers into three branches of government the Legislative, the Executive and the Judiciary. (This sentence introduces Montesquieu's most famous political theory: the separation of governmental powers.)
- R: To prevent any one of the three classes from becoming too powerful, Montesquieu suggested the making of a new constitution based on checks and balances. (This sentence explains the purpose of implementing checks and balances, linking it to preventing the dominance of social classes.)
- S: If this was done, he argued, there would be no tyranny and the liberty of the individual could be safeguarded. (This sentence describes the positive outcome or benefit of applying the suggested system – safeguarding liberty.)
Sentence Order Logic
We need to determine the most logical sequence for P, Q, R, and S to create a smooth flow between S1 and S6.
Step 1: Finding the starting point.
Sentence Q is the most logical starting point among the jumbled sentences. It introduces Montesquieu's seminal work and his core concept of separating powers into three distinct branches: Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary. This provides a foundational idea that subsequent sentences can build upon.
Step 2: Building the sequence.
Following Q, we consider the relationship between the remaining sentences:
- Sentence P discusses Montesquieu's view on sharing power among the three social classes (king, nobles, Third Estate). This can be seen as the societal context or application of his theory of power distribution.
- Sentence R logically follows P by explaining why power sharing among classes is important and introducing the mechanism: "checks and balances" to prevent any single class from becoming too dominant.
- Sentence S concludes the discussion on power management by stating its positive impact – preventing tyranny and safeguarding individual liberty. The phrase "If this was done" clearly refers to the checks and balances mentioned in R and the power sharing discussed in P.
This progression creates a coherent narrative:
- Introduction of Montesquieu (S1).
- Explanation of his theory of separating governmental powers into branches (Q).
- Discussion of power distribution among social classes (P).
- Elaboration on checks and balances for social classes (R).
- The resulting benefit: liberty and absence of tyranny (S).
- Concluding remark on his political support (S6).
Thus, the order QPRS provides the most logical flow.
Final Arrangement: QPRS
The correct arrangement of the jumbled sentences is QPRS. The complete paragraph reads:
S1: Montesquieu was a great philosopher of his time.
Q: In his book The Spirit of the Laws, he propagated the theory of separating powers into three branches of government the Legislative, the Executive and the Judiciary.
P: He wanted power to be shared between the king, the nobles, and the Third Estate.
R: To prevent any one of the three classes from becoming too powerful, Montesquieu suggested the making of a new constitution based on checks and balances.
S: If this was done, he argued, there would be no tyranny and the liberty of the individual could be safeguarded.
S6: He supported constitutional monarchy in France like the English one.
This sequence effectively explains Montesquieu's influential ideas on political philosophy, emphasizing the importance of separating powers and implementing checks and balances to ensure freedom.
Similar Questions
- S1: The primary evidence for climate change that occurred many million years ago is the rocks and deposits themselves.
S6: In other words, despite the clear legacy in many parts of the world of recent glaciation, the vast majority of sedimentary rocks were laid down in warm climatic conditions.
P: Sediments and fossil in the poles tell us a great deal about the environment in which they were laid down.
Q: We must, of course, bear in mind when interpreting this information that, because of the movement of the continents, no one latitude of the Earth has necessarily gone through such marked climatic vicissitudes.
R: Nevertheless, even allowing for this factor, one of the most remarkable discoveries about the climate change of the past is that the two poles of the Earth have been free of ice for at least 90 per cent of the known history of the planet.
S: We may find in close proximity to one another, coal deposits indicating the humid conditions of the tropics, red sandstones laid down in deserts and morainic materials reflecting polar conditions. - S1: Temperature indicates the relative degree of molecular activity, or heat, of a substance.
S6: The boiling point of water under standard conditions is at 100 degrees Centigrade.
P: Temperature is an index of sensible heat, not a direct measure of the quantity of energy.
Q: Zero on this scale is the 'triple point' temperature, at which the gaseous, liquid, and solid states of water are at equilibrium under standard atmospheric pressure.
R: If heat flows from one body to another, the former has the higher temperature.
S: To indicate the temperature of a body, an arbitrary scale of reference is employed. - S1: The Tungabhadra is the chief tributary of the Krishna formed by the union, near Kudali, of the two streams Tunga and Bhadra.
S6 : The Tungabhadra has served as a historic natural frontier right through the centuries.
P: The river is perennial in character and comes down in frequent heavy rushes during the rains.
Q : The rain-bearing river was dammed by the rulers of Vijayanagara near Hampi for watering the palaces and gardens of that great city.
R : The united stream strikes in a north-easterly direction through Mysore and skirts the adjacent districts.
S: The bed of both the headstreams of the Tungabhadra is rocky. - S1: In July 1917, Prince Lvov was replaced by a socialist revolutionary Alexander Kerensky as the head of the provisional government.
S6: In Russia the Soviets have been in existence since 1905, and the Soviet system played a especially important role under the Provisional Government.
P: However, such a partial replacement failed to satisfy the Bolsheviks.
Q: The revolutionaries did not want a parliamentary republic nor a bourgeois democracy but rather they wanted a soviet of workers, soldiers, and labourers.
R: When the February Revolution broke out, the leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin, was in Switzerland.
S: He arrived in Russia in April 1917, and was followed by Trotsky. - S1: Glaciation has important effects on the landscape beyond the direct modifications created by ice erosion and deposition.
S6: At the same time, ice advanced from the Welsh mountains into the Vale of Evesham and combined with northern ice to pond up a large proglacial lake covering much of the Midlands.
P: One example is that glaciation frequently disrupts pre-existing drainage lines, initiating a new pattern persisting after the ice has disappeared.
Q: The Midlands, what is now the Coventry/Warwick area, was formerly drained by the head waters of the River Soar, flowing into the Trent south of Nottingham.
R: Two well-documented instances of such effects occur in England.
S: During glaciation, the valleys of Soar and Trent were occupied by ice advancing from the north. - S1: Every geological period has been dominated by one particular form of life; as conditions changed to those of a new period, different types of organisms emerged into dominance.
S6: The origin of completely new biological systems is comparatively rare, so consequently only a few major types have developed during the history of life.
P: Individual shifts rely on opportunity, ecological access, and the development of a new adaptation.
Q: Characteristically these shifts are rapid and are followed by a bout of adaptive radiation into the new ecological zone for example, with the emergence of life on land.
R: Within each period, natural selection has created a vast array of adaptive experiments culminating in a breakthrough to a new biological system that may cross the ecological barrier to the next period.
S: Every breakthrough of shift in dominance is dependent on ones that have occurred before so that the process of evolution is progressive. - S1: The word science originates from the Latin verb Scientia meaning "to know".
S6: By the middle of the twentieth century, science had become a truly international enterprise, with many cultures and countries contributing to its rapid growth.
P: Science, in a broad sense, is as old as the human species.
Q: From the sixteenth century onwards, great strides were also made in science in Europe.
R: The early civilisations of Egypt, India, China, Greece, Mesopotamia and many others made vital contributions to its progress.
S: The Sanskrit word Vijnana and the Arabic word Ilm convey a similar meaning, namely knowledge. - S1: Among the momentous watersheds through which human beings have passed since their appearance over 100,000 years ago, none has been more profound in its consequences than the shift to agriculture.
S6: Unfortunately, such transformations disrupted delicate natural balances as humans sought enhanced control over their new modes of subsistence.
P: They did this by purposefully transforming landscapes with their agricultural fields and pastures.
Q: They lived much like the way in which their own hominid predecessors had lived for millions of years, as integral components of the Earth's ecosystems.
R: However, with the invention of practices of agriculture, these new farmers and herders began manipulating their surroundings to an unprecedented degree.
S: Before that, for countless generations, nearly all humans had lived as hunters and gatherers, dwelling together in small, stable, nomadic bands that operated in close harmony with nature. - S1: Britain was the first country to experience modern industrialisation.
S6: This gave people a wider choice of ways to spend their earnings and expanded the market for the sale of goods.
P: Stability meant that the Kingdom had common laws, a single currency and a market that was not fragmented by local authorities levying taxes on goods that passed through their area, thus increasing their price.
Q: It had been politically stable since the seventeenth century, with England, Wales and Scotland unified under a monarchy.
R: By the end of the seventeenth century, money was widely used as the medium of exchange.
S: As a consequence, a large section of the people received their income in the form of wages and salaries, rather than in goods. - S1: William I had the land mapped, and distributed it in sections to one hundred eighty Norman nobles who had migrated with him to Britain.
S6: Thus, Anglo-Saxon peasants became tenants of various levels of landholders.
P: They could not, however, use their knights for private warfare, which was forbidden in England.
Q: They soon began to gift some of their own lands to knights who would serve them just as they in turn served the king.
R: They were obliged to supply a certain number of knights to the king.
S: These noble lords became the chief tenants of the king and were expected to give him military help.
Important Questions from Parajumbles
A series is given, with one term missing. Choose the correct alternative from the given ones that will complete the series:
BCF, CFI, DGL, ?A series is given, with one term missing. Choose the correct alternative that will complete the series:
ALZ, CJV, EHR, GFN, ?A series is given, with one term missing. Choose the correct alternative from the given ones that will complete the series:
FED, IHG, LKJ, OWM, ?
A series is given, with one term missing. Choose the correct alternative from the given ones that will complete the series:
LMA, NOB, PQC, ?, STE
(P) considered to be paradigmatic (Q) sociological study of peasant movements in India (R) the Telangana peasant revolt against the Nizam of Hyderabad in the 1940s is often (S) and the only instance worthy of attention in a comparative
