Directions: In this section, each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6.The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, accordingly Q, R, and on S. the You Answer are required t
S6: In other words, despite the clear legacy in many parts of the world of recent glaciation, the vast majority of sedimentary rocks were laid down in warm climatic conditions.
P: Sediments and fossil in the poles tell us a great deal about the environment in which they were laid down.
Q: We must, of course, bear in mind when interpreting this information that, because of the movement of the continents, no one latitude of the Earth has necessarily gone through such marked climatic vicissitudes.
R: Nevertheless, even allowing for this factor, one of the most remarkable discoveries about the climate change of the past is that the two poles of the Earth have been free of ice for at least 90 per cent of the known history of the planet.
S: We may find in close proximity to one another, coal deposits indicating the humid conditions of the tropics, red sandstones laid down in deserts and morainic materials reflecting polar conditions.
Understanding the Sentence Ordering Task
This question requires us to arrange four jumbled sentences (P, Q, R, S) into a logical sequence between a fixed starting sentence (S1) and a fixed ending sentence (S6). The goal is to create a coherent paragraph that discusses the evidence for past climate change found in rocks and deposits.
Analyzing the Sentences
- S1: The primary evidence for climate change that occurred many million years ago is the rocks and deposits themselves. (Introduces the topic: geological evidence for past climate change.)
- S6: In other words, despite the clear legacy in many parts of the world of recent glaciation, the vast majority of sedimentary rocks were laid down in warm climatic conditions. (Provides a concluding summary, contrasting recent glaciation with long-term warm conditions.)
- P: Sediments and fossil in the poles tell us a great deal about the environment in which they were laid down. (Focuses on specific evidence - sediments and fossils - found in polar regions and what they indicate.)
- Q: We must, of course, bear in mind when interpreting this information that, because of the movement of the continents, no one latitude of the Earth has necessarily gone through such marked climatic vicissitudes. (Presents a crucial caveat for interpreting the evidence – continental drift affects our understanding of past climate zones.)
- R: Nevertheless, even allowing for this factor, one of the most remarkable discoveries about the climate change of the past is that the two poles of the Earth have been free of ice for at least 90 per cent of the known history of the planet. (Starts with "Nevertheless," indicating a contrast or significant point following previous considerations. It presents a major finding about the poles being largely ice-free.)
- S: We may find in close proximity to one another, coal deposits indicating the humid conditions of the tropics, red sandstones laid down in deserts and morainic materials reflecting polar conditions. (Gives concrete examples of diverse geological deposits found together, representing different climate zones.)
Constructing the Logical Flow (QSPR)
Let's determine the correct order by seeing how the sentences connect logically:
- S1: Starts the passage by stating that rocks and deposits are the primary evidence for past climate change.
- Q: Follows S1 by introducing a necessary caution: when interpreting this geological evidence, we must consider continental drift. This affects how we understand past climate variations (vicissitudes) at different latitudes. It prepares us for a more nuanced discussion.
- S: Provides specific examples of the diverse geological deposits mentioned in S1. It illustrates how different climate indicators (coal for tropics, sandstones for deserts, morainic materials for polar conditions) can be found together, showcasing the variety of evidence.
- P: Narrows the focus to evidence from specific locations. It elaborates on the 'polar conditions' mentioned in S by stating that sediments and fossils found in the poles reveal information about their past environments.
- R: Begins with "Nevertheless," linking back to the complexities and factors discussed in Q. It contrasts the potential for varied climate signals with a significant finding: the poles have largely been ice-free for most of Earth's history. This adds a major piece of information about long-term climate patterns.
- S6: Concludes the passage. It uses "In other words" to summarize the main point, contrasting the recent evidence of glaciation with the long-term stability of warm conditions, which aligns perfectly with the discovery presented in R.
Therefore, the correct order is QSPR.
Final Passage Structure
The sequence S1 - Q - S - P - R - S6 forms a coherent and logical passage:
S1: The primary evidence for climate change that occurred many million years ago is the rocks and deposits themselves. Q: We must, of course, bear in mind when interpreting this information that, because of the movement of the continents, no one latitude of the Earth has necessarily gone through such marked climatic vicissitudes. S: We may find in close proximity to one another, coal deposits indicating the humid conditions of the tropics, red sandstones laid down in deserts and morainic materials reflecting polar conditions. P: Sediments and fossil in the poles tell us a great deal about the environment in which they were laid down. R: Nevertheless, even allowing for this factor, one of the most remarkable discoveries about the climate change of the past is that the two poles of the Earth have been free of ice for at least 90 per cent of the known history of the planet. S6: In other words, despite the clear legacy in many parts of the world of recent glaciation, the vast majority of sedimentary rocks were laid down in warm climatic conditions.
Similar Questions
- S1: Temperature indicates the relative degree of molecular activity, or heat, of a substance.
S6: The boiling point of water under standard conditions is at 100 degrees Centigrade.
P: Temperature is an index of sensible heat, not a direct measure of the quantity of energy.
Q: Zero on this scale is the 'triple point' temperature, at which the gaseous, liquid, and solid states of water are at equilibrium under standard atmospheric pressure.
R: If heat flows from one body to another, the former has the higher temperature.
S: To indicate the temperature of a body, an arbitrary scale of reference is employed. - S1: The Tungabhadra is the chief tributary of the Krishna formed by the union, near Kudali, of the two streams Tunga and Bhadra.
S6 : The Tungabhadra has served as a historic natural frontier right through the centuries.
P: The river is perennial in character and comes down in frequent heavy rushes during the rains.
Q : The rain-bearing river was dammed by the rulers of Vijayanagara near Hampi for watering the palaces and gardens of that great city.
R : The united stream strikes in a north-easterly direction through Mysore and skirts the adjacent districts.
S: The bed of both the headstreams of the Tungabhadra is rocky. - S1: In July 1917, Prince Lvov was replaced by a socialist revolutionary Alexander Kerensky as the head of the provisional government.
S6: In Russia the Soviets have been in existence since 1905, and the Soviet system played a especially important role under the Provisional Government.
P: However, such a partial replacement failed to satisfy the Bolsheviks.
Q: The revolutionaries did not want a parliamentary republic nor a bourgeois democracy but rather they wanted a soviet of workers, soldiers, and labourers.
R: When the February Revolution broke out, the leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin, was in Switzerland.
S: He arrived in Russia in April 1917, and was followed by Trotsky. - S1: Glaciation has important effects on the landscape beyond the direct modifications created by ice erosion and deposition.
S6: At the same time, ice advanced from the Welsh mountains into the Vale of Evesham and combined with northern ice to pond up a large proglacial lake covering much of the Midlands.
P: One example is that glaciation frequently disrupts pre-existing drainage lines, initiating a new pattern persisting after the ice has disappeared.
Q: The Midlands, what is now the Coventry/Warwick area, was formerly drained by the head waters of the River Soar, flowing into the Trent south of Nottingham.
R: Two well-documented instances of such effects occur in England.
S: During glaciation, the valleys of Soar and Trent were occupied by ice advancing from the north. - S1: Every geological period has been dominated by one particular form of life; as conditions changed to those of a new period, different types of organisms emerged into dominance.
S6: The origin of completely new biological systems is comparatively rare, so consequently only a few major types have developed during the history of life.
P: Individual shifts rely on opportunity, ecological access, and the development of a new adaptation.
Q: Characteristically these shifts are rapid and are followed by a bout of adaptive radiation into the new ecological zone for example, with the emergence of life on land.
R: Within each period, natural selection has created a vast array of adaptive experiments culminating in a breakthrough to a new biological system that may cross the ecological barrier to the next period.
S: Every breakthrough of shift in dominance is dependent on ones that have occurred before so that the process of evolution is progressive. - S1: A seasoned cricketer catches a cricket ball coming in with great speed far more easily than a novice, who can hurt his hands in the act.
S6: The conclusion is clear: force not only depends on the change in momentum, but also on how fast the change is brought about.
P: The novice, on the other hand, keeps his hands fixed and tries to catch the ball almost instantly.
Q: One reason is that the seasoned cricketer allows a longer time for his hands to stop the ball.
R: Consequently, he needs to provide a much greater force to stop the ball instantly, and this hurts.
S: He does this by drawing his hands backward in the act of catching the ball. (P) and the outcome in cases selected in prior years'
(Q) the suggestions received from the field
(R) formations are reviewed by a cross functional
(S) committee to refine the scenarios and parameters(P) pollution control equipment broadly
(Q) include wastewater treatment plants,
(R) the various categories of water
(S) drinking water treatment plants and effluent treatment plants(P) facilitate the present and prospective entrepreneurs
(Q) for manufacturing and service units
(R) were notified in 2020, with guidelines to
(S) some new composite criteria of classification(P) outside the formal education system
(Q) the policy seeks to educate and
(R) equip potential entrepreneurs, both within and
(S) in the entrepreneurship domain
Important Questions from Parajumbles
A series is given, with one term missing. Choose the correct alternative from the given ones that will complete the series:
FED, IHG, LKJ, OWM, ?
(P) considered to be paradigmatic (Q) sociological study of peasant movements in India (R) the Telangana peasant revolt against the Nizam of Hyderabad in the 1940s is often (S) and the only instance worthy of attention in a comparative
(P) social movements, nonetheless (Q) their political institutions, process, and parties (R) one of the major attributes of and with (S) is their coexistence with national states and
(P) most of the minerals are nationalized (Q) extraction of minerals in India (R) is possible only after the (S) government grants permission as
(P) radical or limited change and whether they focus on (Q) along two axes, whether they seek (R) sociological theories distinguish social movements (S) the entire society or on specific individuals
