Directions: In this section, each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6.The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, accordingly Q, R, and on S. the You Answer are required t
S6: At the same time, ice advanced from the Welsh mountains into the Vale of Evesham and combined with northern ice to pond up a large proglacial lake covering much of the Midlands.
P: One example is that glaciation frequently disrupts pre-existing drainage lines, initiating a new pattern persisting after the ice has disappeared.
Q: The Midlands, what is now the Coventry/Warwick area, was formerly drained by the head waters of the River Soar, flowing into the Trent south of Nottingham.
R: Two well-documented instances of such effects occur in England.
S: During glaciation, the valleys of Soar and Trent were occupied by ice advancing from the north.
Understanding Sentence Ordering: Glaciation Effects
This question requires arranging four jumbled sentences (P, Q, R, S) between a fixed starting sentence (S1) and ending sentence (S6) to form a coherent and logical paragraph. The topic concerns the effects of glaciation on the landscape.
Analyzing the Sentences
Let's break down the meaning of each sentence:
- S1: Glaciation has important effects on the landscape beyond the direct modifications created by ice erosion and deposition. (This sentence introduces the main topic: glaciation's broader impacts on the land.)
- P: One example is that glaciation frequently disrupts pre-existing drainage lines, initiating a new pattern persisting after the ice has disappeared. (This sentence provides a specific *example* of the effects mentioned in S1, focusing on drainage systems.)
- Q: The Midlands, what is now the Coventry/Warwick area, was formerly drained by the head waters of the River Soar, flowing into the Trent south of Nottingham. (This sentence details the specific *pre-existing drainage line* in the Midlands that will serve as a concrete case for the disruption mentioned in P.)
- R: Two well-documented instances of such effects occur in England. (This sentence states that there are multiple documented examples of glaciation's effects in England, setting a broader context.)
- S: During glaciation, the valleys of Soar and Trent were occupied by ice advancing from the north. (This sentence describes the glacial event that directly affected the specific river valleys identified in Q.)
- S6: At the same time, ice advanced from the Welsh mountains into the Vale of Evesham and combined with northern ice to pond up a large proglacial lake covering much of the Midlands. (This sentence describes a significant, concurrent glacial event in the Midlands, possibly representing a second instance or a related major consequence.)
Step-by-Step Sequence Construction
We need to arrange P, Q, S, and R between S1 and S6 to create a logical flow.
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Start with S1: It introduces the general idea that glaciation causes landscape changes beyond simple erosion or deposition.
S1: Glaciation has important effects on the landscape beyond the direct modifications created by ice erosion and deposition.
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Introduce a specific example: Sentence P offers a clear example of these effects – the disruption of drainage lines. This logically follows S1.
P: One example is that glaciation frequently disrupts pre-existing drainage lines, initiating a new pattern persisting after the ice has disappeared.
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Specify the drainage system: Sentence Q identifies the particular drainage system (River Soar/Trent in the Midlands) that serves as the example of pre-existing drainage mentioned in P.
Q: The Midlands, what is now the Coventry/Warwick area, was formerly drained by the head waters of the River Soar, flowing into the Trent south of Nottingham.
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Describe the glacial impact: Sentence S explains what happened during glaciation to the specific valleys (Soar and Trent) mentioned in Q. This completes the explanation of how glaciation affected this particular drainage line. Sentences P, Q, and S together form a coherent description of one instance of drainage disruption.
S: During glaciation, the valleys of Soar and Trent were occupied by ice advancing from the north.
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Contextualize the instances: Sentence R states that there are "Two well-documented instances" of such effects in England. Coming after PQS, it implies that the PQS sequence illustrates one of these instances.
R: Two well-documented instances of such effects occur in England.
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Conclude with a related event: Sentence S6 describes another significant glacial event happening concurrently ("At the same time") in the Midlands – the formation of a proglacial lake due to advancing ice. This could represent the second instance or a closely related major impact.
S6: At the same time, ice advanced from the Welsh mountains into the Vale of Evesham and combined with northern ice to pond up a large proglacial lake covering much of the Midlands.
Therefore, the logical order for the middle sentences is P, Q, S, R, forming the sequence S1-P-Q-S-R-S6.
Final Coherent Passage
Putting it all together, the complete passage reads:
S1: Glaciation has important effects on the landscape beyond the direct modifications created by ice erosion and deposition. P: One example is that glaciation frequently disrupts pre-existing drainage lines, initiating a new pattern persisting after the ice has disappeared. Q: The Midlands, what is now the Coventry/Warwick area, was formerly drained by the head waters of the River Soar, flowing into the Trent south of Nottingham. S: During glaciation, the valleys of Soar and Trent were occupied by ice advancing from the north. R: Two well-documented instances of such effects occur in England. S6: At the same time, ice advanced from the Welsh mountains into the Vale of Evesham and combined with northern ice to pond up a large proglacial lake covering much of the Midlands.
Similar Questions
- S1: The primary evidence for climate change that occurred many million years ago is the rocks and deposits themselves.
S6: In other words, despite the clear legacy in many parts of the world of recent glaciation, the vast majority of sedimentary rocks were laid down in warm climatic conditions.
P: Sediments and fossil in the poles tell us a great deal about the environment in which they were laid down.
Q: We must, of course, bear in mind when interpreting this information that, because of the movement of the continents, no one latitude of the Earth has necessarily gone through such marked climatic vicissitudes.
R: Nevertheless, even allowing for this factor, one of the most remarkable discoveries about the climate change of the past is that the two poles of the Earth have been free of ice for at least 90 per cent of the known history of the planet.
S: We may find in close proximity to one another, coal deposits indicating the humid conditions of the tropics, red sandstones laid down in deserts and morainic materials reflecting polar conditions. - S1: Temperature indicates the relative degree of molecular activity, or heat, of a substance.
S6: The boiling point of water under standard conditions is at 100 degrees Centigrade.
P: Temperature is an index of sensible heat, not a direct measure of the quantity of energy.
Q: Zero on this scale is the 'triple point' temperature, at which the gaseous, liquid, and solid states of water are at equilibrium under standard atmospheric pressure.
R: If heat flows from one body to another, the former has the higher temperature.
S: To indicate the temperature of a body, an arbitrary scale of reference is employed. - S1: The Tungabhadra is the chief tributary of the Krishna formed by the union, near Kudali, of the two streams Tunga and Bhadra.
S6 : The Tungabhadra has served as a historic natural frontier right through the centuries.
P: The river is perennial in character and comes down in frequent heavy rushes during the rains.
Q : The rain-bearing river was dammed by the rulers of Vijayanagara near Hampi for watering the palaces and gardens of that great city.
R : The united stream strikes in a north-easterly direction through Mysore and skirts the adjacent districts.
S: The bed of both the headstreams of the Tungabhadra is rocky. - S1: In July 1917, Prince Lvov was replaced by a socialist revolutionary Alexander Kerensky as the head of the provisional government.
S6: In Russia the Soviets have been in existence since 1905, and the Soviet system played a especially important role under the Provisional Government.
P: However, such a partial replacement failed to satisfy the Bolsheviks.
Q: The revolutionaries did not want a parliamentary republic nor a bourgeois democracy but rather they wanted a soviet of workers, soldiers, and labourers.
R: When the February Revolution broke out, the leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin, was in Switzerland.
S: He arrived in Russia in April 1917, and was followed by Trotsky. - S1: Every geological period has been dominated by one particular form of life; as conditions changed to those of a new period, different types of organisms emerged into dominance.
S6: The origin of completely new biological systems is comparatively rare, so consequently only a few major types have developed during the history of life.
P: Individual shifts rely on opportunity, ecological access, and the development of a new adaptation.
Q: Characteristically these shifts are rapid and are followed by a bout of adaptive radiation into the new ecological zone for example, with the emergence of life on land.
R: Within each period, natural selection has created a vast array of adaptive experiments culminating in a breakthrough to a new biological system that may cross the ecological barrier to the next period.
S: Every breakthrough of shift in dominance is dependent on ones that have occurred before so that the process of evolution is progressive. - S1: A seasoned cricketer catches a cricket ball coming in with great speed far more easily than a novice, who can hurt his hands in the act.
S6: The conclusion is clear: force not only depends on the change in momentum, but also on how fast the change is brought about.
P: The novice, on the other hand, keeps his hands fixed and tries to catch the ball almost instantly.
Q: One reason is that the seasoned cricketer allows a longer time for his hands to stop the ball.
R: Consequently, he needs to provide a much greater force to stop the ball instantly, and this hurts.
S: He does this by drawing his hands backward in the act of catching the ball. (P) and the outcome in cases selected in prior years'
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A series is given, with one term missing. Choose the correct alternative from the given ones that will complete the series:
FED, IHG, LKJ, OWM, ?
(P) considered to be paradigmatic (Q) sociological study of peasant movements in India (R) the Telangana peasant revolt against the Nizam of Hyderabad in the 1940s is often (S) and the only instance worthy of attention in a comparative
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(P) most of the minerals are nationalized (Q) extraction of minerals in India (R) is possible only after the (S) government grants permission as
(P) radical or limited change and whether they focus on (Q) along two axes, whether they seek (R) sociological theories distinguish social movements (S) the entire society or on specific individuals
