Directions: In this section, each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6.The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, accordingly Q, R, and on S. the You Answer are required t
S6: At the same time, ice advanced from the Welsh mountains into the Vale of Evesham and combined with northern ice to pond up a large proglacial lake covering much of the Midlands.
P: One example is that glaciation frequently disrupts pre-existing drainage lines, initiating a new pattern persisting after the ice has disappeared.
Q: The Midlands, what is now the Coventry/Warwick area, was formerly drained by the head waters of the River Soar, flowing into the Trent south of Nottingham.
R: Two well-documented instances of such effects occur in England.
S: During glaciation, the valleys of Soar and Trent were occupied by ice advancing from the north.
Understanding Sentence Ordering: Glaciation Effects
This question requires arranging four jumbled sentences (P, Q, R, S) between a fixed starting sentence (S1) and ending sentence (S6) to form a coherent and logical paragraph. The topic concerns the effects of glaciation on the landscape.
Analyzing the Sentences
Let's break down the meaning of each sentence:
- S1: Glaciation has important effects on the landscape beyond the direct modifications created by ice erosion and deposition. (This sentence introduces the main topic: glaciation's broader impacts on the land.)
- P: One example is that glaciation frequently disrupts pre-existing drainage lines, initiating a new pattern persisting after the ice has disappeared. (This sentence provides a specific *example* of the effects mentioned in S1, focusing on drainage systems.)
- Q: The Midlands, what is now the Coventry/Warwick area, was formerly drained by the head waters of the River Soar, flowing into the Trent south of Nottingham. (This sentence details the specific *pre-existing drainage line* in the Midlands that will serve as a concrete case for the disruption mentioned in P.)
- R: Two well-documented instances of such effects occur in England. (This sentence states that there are multiple documented examples of glaciation's effects in England, setting a broader context.)
- S: During glaciation, the valleys of Soar and Trent were occupied by ice advancing from the north. (This sentence describes the glacial event that directly affected the specific river valleys identified in Q.)
- S6: At the same time, ice advanced from the Welsh mountains into the Vale of Evesham and combined with northern ice to pond up a large proglacial lake covering much of the Midlands. (This sentence describes a significant, concurrent glacial event in the Midlands, possibly representing a second instance or a related major consequence.)
Step-by-Step Sequence Construction
We need to arrange P, Q, S, and R between S1 and S6 to create a logical flow.
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Start with S1: It introduces the general idea that glaciation causes landscape changes beyond simple erosion or deposition.
S1: Glaciation has important effects on the landscape beyond the direct modifications created by ice erosion and deposition.
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Introduce a specific example: Sentence P offers a clear example of these effects – the disruption of drainage lines. This logically follows S1.
P: One example is that glaciation frequently disrupts pre-existing drainage lines, initiating a new pattern persisting after the ice has disappeared.
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Specify the drainage system: Sentence Q identifies the particular drainage system (River Soar/Trent in the Midlands) that serves as the example of pre-existing drainage mentioned in P.
Q: The Midlands, what is now the Coventry/Warwick area, was formerly drained by the head waters of the River Soar, flowing into the Trent south of Nottingham.
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Describe the glacial impact: Sentence S explains what happened during glaciation to the specific valleys (Soar and Trent) mentioned in Q. This completes the explanation of how glaciation affected this particular drainage line. Sentences P, Q, and S together form a coherent description of one instance of drainage disruption.
S: During glaciation, the valleys of Soar and Trent were occupied by ice advancing from the north.
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Contextualize the instances: Sentence R states that there are "Two well-documented instances" of such effects in England. Coming after PQS, it implies that the PQS sequence illustrates one of these instances.
R: Two well-documented instances of such effects occur in England.
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Conclude with a related event: Sentence S6 describes another significant glacial event happening concurrently ("At the same time") in the Midlands – the formation of a proglacial lake due to advancing ice. This could represent the second instance or a closely related major impact.
S6: At the same time, ice advanced from the Welsh mountains into the Vale of Evesham and combined with northern ice to pond up a large proglacial lake covering much of the Midlands.
Therefore, the logical order for the middle sentences is P, Q, S, R, forming the sequence S1-P-Q-S-R-S6.
Final Coherent Passage
Putting it all together, the complete passage reads:
S1: Glaciation has important effects on the landscape beyond the direct modifications created by ice erosion and deposition. P: One example is that glaciation frequently disrupts pre-existing drainage lines, initiating a new pattern persisting after the ice has disappeared. Q: The Midlands, what is now the Coventry/Warwick area, was formerly drained by the head waters of the River Soar, flowing into the Trent south of Nottingham. S: During glaciation, the valleys of Soar and Trent were occupied by ice advancing from the north. R: Two well-documented instances of such effects occur in England. S6: At the same time, ice advanced from the Welsh mountains into the Vale of Evesham and combined with northern ice to pond up a large proglacial lake covering much of the Midlands.
Similar Questions
- S1: Britain was the first country to experience modern industrialisation.
S6: This gave people a wider choice of ways to spend their earnings and expanded the market for the sale of goods.
P: Stability meant that the Kingdom had common laws, a single currency and a market that was not fragmented by local authorities levying taxes on goods that passed through their area, thus increasing their price.
Q: It had been politically stable since the seventeenth century, with England, Wales and Scotland unified under a monarchy.
R: By the end of the seventeenth century, money was widely used as the medium of exchange.
S: As a consequence, a large section of the people received their income in the form of wages and salaries, rather than in goods. - S1: The word science originates from the Latin verb Scientia meaning "to know".
S6: By the middle of the twentieth century, science had become a truly international enterprise, with many cultures and countries contributing to its rapid growth.
P: Science, in a broad sense, is as old as the human species.
Q: From the sixteenth century onwards, great strides were also made in science in Europe.
R: The early civilisations of Egypt, India, China, Greece, Mesopotamia and many others made vital contributions to its progress.
S: The Sanskrit word Vijnana and the Arabic word Ilm convey a similar meaning, namely knowledge. - S1: In an economic sense, feudalism refers to a kind of system of agricultural production.
S6: Thus, feudalism went beyond economic aspects to cover the social and political aspects of life as well.
P: In fact, the latter cultivated their own land as well as that of the lord.
Q: It is based on the relationship between lords and peasants, who worked on the former's land.
R: They also had judicial control over the peasants.
S: The peasants also performed other labour for the lords, who in exchange provided military protection. - S1: People fall down from staircases in different ways in different countries.
S6: This is because for the Americans, their home is usually the only place where they regularly use the stairs.
P: They rely, instead, on the ease and safety of lifts and escalators which are ubiquitous in such places.
Q: This is not because the Japanese are more reckless staircase users, but simply because Americans don't much use the stairs in public places.
R: Staircase injuries, therefore, happen mostly in the home.
S: For instance, someone in Japan is far more likely to be hurt in a staircase fall in an office, department store or railway station than is anyone in the United States. - S1: The lantana plant is not native to India.
S6: However, eradicating lantana is a long and arduous process which can only be carried out with a lot of technical expertise and financial commitment.
P: Since then, it has spread over six lakh square kilometres, covering fifty percent of the country's natural areas.
Q: Research also shows that the lantana has invaded most pasture lands in the country.
R: It was introduced in the country as an ornamental plant by the British in the 1800s.
S: A 2020 estimate by researchers shows that the plant occupies forty percent of forests, including tiger reserves. - S1: William I had the land mapped, and distributed it in sections to one hundred eighty Norman nobles who had migrated with him to Britain.
S6: Thus, Anglo-Saxon peasants became tenants of various levels of landholders.
P: They could not, however, use their knights for private warfare, which was forbidden in England.
Q: They soon began to gift some of their own lands to knights who would serve them just as they in turn served the king.
R: They were obliged to supply a certain number of knights to the king.
S: These noble lords became the chief tenants of the king and were expected to give him military help. - S1: The Japanese empire was considered rich.
S6: Soon, other developments such as the increased use of money and the creation of a stock market in rice show that the economy was developing in new ways.
P: However, paying for these imports with gold and silver strained the economy and led the Tokugawa to put restrictions on the export of precious metals.
Q: Over time, the silk from Nishijin came to be known as the best in the world.
R: They also took steps to develop the silk industry in Nishijin in Kyoto so as to reduce imports.
S: This was because it imported luxury goods like silk from China and textiles from India. - S1: Biodiversity is crucial for the sustenance of life.
S6: After all, products that benefit customers must also positively impact the environment.
P: Corporations have a social responsibility to help navigate discourses on biodiversity and leverage opportunities for sustainable development.
Q: Conserving biodiversity requires the urgent collaboration between, and involvement of, individuals and corporations.
R: Further, customers' demand for greener products can be a catalyst for sustainability.
S: Redesigning manufacturing processes, adopting new technologies, and shifting to a paperless environment are ways to achieve such development. - S1: Among the momentous watersheds through which human beings have passed since their appearance over 100,000 years ago, none has been more profound in its consequences than the shift to agriculture.
S6: Unfortunately, such transformations disrupted delicate natural balances as humans sought enhanced control over their new modes of subsistence.
P: They did this by purposefully transforming landscapes with their agricultural fields and pastures.
Q: They lived much like the way in which their own hominid predecessors had lived for millions of years, as integral components of the Earth's ecosystems.
R: However, with the invention of practices of agriculture, these new farmers and herders began manipulating their surroundings to an unprecedented degree.
S: Before that, for countless generations, nearly all humans had lived as hunters and gatherers, dwelling together in small, stable, nomadic bands that operated in close harmony with nature. (P) facilitate the present and prospective entrepreneurs
(Q) for manufacturing and service units
(R) were notified in 2020, with guidelines to
(S) some new composite criteria of classification
Important Questions from Parajumbles
Three statements are followed by conclusions numbered I, II. You have to consider these statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statement.
Statements:
- All water is earth.
- All earth is fire.
- Some fire is air.
Conclusions:
- (I) Some air is earth.
- (II) Some fire is water.
In this question, three statements are given, followed by three conclusions numbered I, II, and III. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusion(s) logically follows/follow from the statements.
Statements:
No rose is an orchid.
All roses are lilies.
All lilies are lotuses.
Conclusions:
I. Some lilies are orchids.
II. Some lotuses are orchids.
III. All lilies are orchids.
(P) considered to be paradigmatic (Q) sociological study of peasant movements in India (R) the Telangana peasant revolt against the Nizam of Hyderabad in the 1940s is often (S) and the only instance worthy of attention in a comparative
(P) social movements, nonetheless (Q) their political institutions, process, and parties (R) one of the major attributes of and with (S) is their coexistence with national states and
(P) most of the minerals are nationalized (Q) extraction of minerals in India (R) is possible only after the (S) government grants permission as
