Directions: In this section, each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6.The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, accordingly Q, R, and on S. the You Answer are required t
S6: The origin of completely new biological systems is comparatively rare, so consequently only a few major types have developed during the history of life.
P: Individual shifts rely on opportunity, ecological access, and the development of a new adaptation.
Q: Characteristically these shifts are rapid and are followed by a bout of adaptive radiation into the new ecological zone for example, with the emergence of life on land.
R: Within each period, natural selection has created a vast array of adaptive experiments culminating in a breakthrough to a new biological system that may cross the ecological barrier to the next period.
S: Every breakthrough of shift in dominance is dependent on ones that have occurred before so that the process of evolution is progressive.
Sentence Ordering: Understanding Life Form Dominance Over Geological Periods
This question requires us to arrange four jumbled sentences (P, Q, R, S) to form a coherent paragraph between the fixed first sentence (S1) and the last sentence (S6). The passage discusses how dominant life forms change across different geological periods due to evolutionary processes.
Analyzing the Fixed Sentences
S1: Establishes the core idea that geological periods are characterized by dominant life forms, which change as conditions evolve into new periods.
S6: Concludes that the creation of entirely new biological systems is infrequent, leading to only a limited number of major evolutionary developments throughout life's history.
Analyzing the Jumbled Sentences
- P: Focuses on the prerequisites for individual evolutionary shifts, mentioning opportunity, ecological access, and new adaptations.
- Q: Describes the characteristics of these shifts (rapid, followed by adaptive radiation) and provides an example (life on land).
- R: Explains the mechanism within a geological period – natural selection drives experiments, leading to a breakthrough biological system that enables transition to the next period.
- S: Highlights the dependency and progressive nature of evolutionary shifts, stating that breakthroughs build upon previous ones.
Constructing the Logical Flow (RSPQ)
Let's assemble the sentences logically:
- S1: Every geological period has been dominated by one particular form of life; as conditions changed to those of a new period, different types of organisms emerged into dominance. (Introduces the concept of changing dominant life forms across geological periods.)
- R: Within each period, natural selection has created a vast array of adaptive experiments culminating in a breakthrough to a new biological system that may cross the ecological barrier to the next period. (Explains the process within a period – natural selection leading to a breakthrough system that allows the transition mentioned in S1.)
- S: Every breakthrough of shift in dominance is dependent on ones that have occurred before so that the process of evolution is progressive. (Builds upon the 'breakthrough' concept from R, emphasizing that these evolutionary changes are sequential and build upon prior developments, making evolution progressive.)
- P: Individual shifts rely on opportunity, ecological access, and the development of a new adaptation. (Details the factors necessary for these individual evolutionary 'shifts' or 'breakthroughs' mentioned previously.)
- Q: Characteristically these shifts are rapid and are followed by a bout of adaptive radiation into the new ecological zone for example, with the emergence of life on land. (Describes the typical nature of these shifts – rapid progression and subsequent diversification (adaptive radiation) – and provides a concrete example.)
- S6: The origin of completely new biological systems is comparatively rare, so consequently only a few major types have developed during the history of life. (Provides a concluding perspective, reinforcing the significance of these major shifts mentioned throughout the passage by noting their relative rarity.)
Final Coherent Paragraph
The sequence RSPQ creates a logical flow. It starts with the mechanism of change (R), discusses the progressive and dependent nature of these changes (S), outlines the conditions required for shifts (P), describes their characteristics and provides an example (Q), ultimately leading to the conclusion about the rarity of major evolutionary developments (S6).
Therefore, the correct order is RSPQ.
Similar Questions
- S1: The primary evidence for climate change that occurred many million years ago is the rocks and deposits themselves.
S6: In other words, despite the clear legacy in many parts of the world of recent glaciation, the vast majority of sedimentary rocks were laid down in warm climatic conditions.
P: Sediments and fossil in the poles tell us a great deal about the environment in which they were laid down.
Q: We must, of course, bear in mind when interpreting this information that, because of the movement of the continents, no one latitude of the Earth has necessarily gone through such marked climatic vicissitudes.
R: Nevertheless, even allowing for this factor, one of the most remarkable discoveries about the climate change of the past is that the two poles of the Earth have been free of ice for at least 90 per cent of the known history of the planet.
S: We may find in close proximity to one another, coal deposits indicating the humid conditions of the tropics, red sandstones laid down in deserts and morainic materials reflecting polar conditions. - S1: Temperature indicates the relative degree of molecular activity, or heat, of a substance.
S6: The boiling point of water under standard conditions is at 100 degrees Centigrade.
P: Temperature is an index of sensible heat, not a direct measure of the quantity of energy.
Q: Zero on this scale is the 'triple point' temperature, at which the gaseous, liquid, and solid states of water are at equilibrium under standard atmospheric pressure.
R: If heat flows from one body to another, the former has the higher temperature.
S: To indicate the temperature of a body, an arbitrary scale of reference is employed. - S1: The Tungabhadra is the chief tributary of the Krishna formed by the union, near Kudali, of the two streams Tunga and Bhadra.
S6 : The Tungabhadra has served as a historic natural frontier right through the centuries.
P: The river is perennial in character and comes down in frequent heavy rushes during the rains.
Q : The rain-bearing river was dammed by the rulers of Vijayanagara near Hampi for watering the palaces and gardens of that great city.
R : The united stream strikes in a north-easterly direction through Mysore and skirts the adjacent districts.
S: The bed of both the headstreams of the Tungabhadra is rocky. - S1: In July 1917, Prince Lvov was replaced by a socialist revolutionary Alexander Kerensky as the head of the provisional government.
S6: In Russia the Soviets have been in existence since 1905, and the Soviet system played a especially important role under the Provisional Government.
P: However, such a partial replacement failed to satisfy the Bolsheviks.
Q: The revolutionaries did not want a parliamentary republic nor a bourgeois democracy but rather they wanted a soviet of workers, soldiers, and labourers.
R: When the February Revolution broke out, the leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin, was in Switzerland.
S: He arrived in Russia in April 1917, and was followed by Trotsky. - S1: Glaciation has important effects on the landscape beyond the direct modifications created by ice erosion and deposition.
S6: At the same time, ice advanced from the Welsh mountains into the Vale of Evesham and combined with northern ice to pond up a large proglacial lake covering much of the Midlands.
P: One example is that glaciation frequently disrupts pre-existing drainage lines, initiating a new pattern persisting after the ice has disappeared.
Q: The Midlands, what is now the Coventry/Warwick area, was formerly drained by the head waters of the River Soar, flowing into the Trent south of Nottingham.
R: Two well-documented instances of such effects occur in England.
S: During glaciation, the valleys of Soar and Trent were occupied by ice advancing from the north. - S1: A seasoned cricketer catches a cricket ball coming in with great speed far more easily than a novice, who can hurt his hands in the act.
S6: The conclusion is clear: force not only depends on the change in momentum, but also on how fast the change is brought about.
P: The novice, on the other hand, keeps his hands fixed and tries to catch the ball almost instantly.
Q: One reason is that the seasoned cricketer allows a longer time for his hands to stop the ball.
R: Consequently, he needs to provide a much greater force to stop the ball instantly, and this hurts.
S: He does this by drawing his hands backward in the act of catching the ball. (P) and the outcome in cases selected in prior years'
(Q) the suggestions received from the field
(R) formations are reviewed by a cross functional
(S) committee to refine the scenarios and parameters(P) pollution control equipment broadly
(Q) include wastewater treatment plants,
(R) the various categories of water
(S) drinking water treatment plants and effluent treatment plants(P) facilitate the present and prospective entrepreneurs
(Q) for manufacturing and service units
(R) were notified in 2020, with guidelines to
(S) some new composite criteria of classification(P) outside the formal education system
(Q) the policy seeks to educate and
(R) equip potential entrepreneurs, both within and
(S) in the entrepreneurship domain
Important Questions from Parajumbles
A series is given, with one term missing. Choose the correct alternative from the given ones that will complete the series:
FED, IHG, LKJ, OWM, ?
(P) considered to be paradigmatic (Q) sociological study of peasant movements in India (R) the Telangana peasant revolt against the Nizam of Hyderabad in the 1940s is often (S) and the only instance worthy of attention in a comparative
(P) social movements, nonetheless (Q) their political institutions, process, and parties (R) one of the major attributes of and with (S) is their coexistence with national states and
(P) most of the minerals are nationalized (Q) extraction of minerals in India (R) is possible only after the (S) government grants permission as
(P) radical or limited change and whether they focus on (Q) along two axes, whether they seek (R) sociological theories distinguish social movements (S) the entire society or on specific individuals
