Mark the correct statement :
Carrier protein is involved in both active transport and facilitated diffusion
Facilitated diffusion and active transport are both mediated transport processes: the solute binds to a specific membrane carrier (transporter) protein, which changes conformation to move it across the bilayer. Both therefore show specificity, saturation kinetics and competitive inhibition.
The difference lies in energy and direction. Facilitated diffusion is passive, moving a solute down its concentration gradient without metabolic energy, as GLUT transporters do for glucose. Active transport uses ATP or an ion gradient to move a solute against its gradient, as the Na+/K+ ATPase does.
So movement from higher to lower concentration describes passive transport, not active transport; facilitated diffusion along a gradient consumes no energy; and active transport moves ions, sugars and amino acids, while water crosses membranes mainly by osmosis through aquaporins.
Hence, Carrier protein is involved in both active transport and facilitated diffusion.
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