Which one produces highest isotope effect?
3H
The kinetic isotope effect arises because a heavier isotope forms bonds with a lower zero-point vibrational energy and slower reaction rates than the lighter isotope of the same element.
Its magnitude depends primarily on the relative mass difference between the heavy and light isotopes, so lighter elements show much larger effects than heavier ones.
Tritium versus protium gives a mass ratio of about 3:1, the largest available for any element, producing the greatest isotope effect; the ratios for 14C/12C, 32P/31P, and 35S/32S differ by only a few percent.
Hence, the correct choice is 3H.
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