In dicot stems, vascular bundles are termed 'open' because they contain:
Cambium between xylem and phloem, enabling secondary growth
Vascular bundles in dicot stems are described as 'open' when a layer of cambium is present between the xylem and the phloem.
This cambium is a meristematic tissue that remains active and produces new xylem and phloem cells throughout the life of the plant, enabling secondary growth in thickness.
In contrast, monocot stems have 'closed' vascular bundles lacking this cambium, so they do not show secondary growth.
Therefore, dicot vascular bundles are called open because they contain cambium between xylem and phloem, enabling secondary growth.
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