We are given the equation $x^3 + \frac{1}{x^3} = 18$. We need to find the value of $x + \frac{1}{x}$.
We use the algebraic identity for the cube of a binomial:
$ \left(a + b\right)^3 = a^3 + b^3 + 3ab(a + b) $
Let $a = x$ and $b = \frac{1}{x}$. Substituting these into the identity:
$ \left(x + \frac{1}{x}\right)^3 = x^3 + \left(\frac{1}{x}\right)^3 + 3 \cdot x \cdot \frac{1}{x} \left(x + \frac{1}{x}\right) $
Simplify the equation:
$ \left(x + \frac{1}{x}\right)^3 = x^3 + \frac{1}{x^3} + 3 \left(x + \frac{1}{x}\right) $
We know that $x^3 + \frac{1}{x^3} = 18$. Substitute this value into the expanded equation:
$ \left(x + \frac{1}{x}\right)^3 = 18 + 3 \left(x + \frac{1}{x}\right) $
To simplify, let $y = x + \frac{1}{x}$. The equation becomes:
$ y^3 = 18 + 3y $
Rearrange the terms to form a cubic equation:
$ y^3 - 3y - 18 = 0 $
We can solve this cubic equation by testing integer factors of the constant term (-18). Let's test $y=3$:
$ (3)^3 - 3(3) - 18 = 27 - 9 - 18 = 18 - 18 = 0 $
Since $y=3$ satisfies the equation, it is a root.
Therefore, the value of $y$, which represents $x + \frac{1}{x}$, is 3.
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