How far do you think cooperation, competition and confrontation have shaped the nature of federation in India? Cite some recent examples to validate your answer.
India's federal structure is a dynamic interplay of cooperation, competition, and confrontation, constantly shaping its nature. Cooperation is evident in shared governance, like the Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council, where states and the Centre collaborate on fiscal policy, or during the COVID-19 pandemic response, requiring unified action.
Competition arises among states for investments, resources, and development projects, fostering a "competitive federalism" where states vie to create better business environments. Examples include states offering incentives to attract industries.
Confrontation often surfaces on legislative overlaps, fiscal devolution, or political differences. Recent examples include disputes over the implementation of central laws like the Farm Laws (before repeal) or citizenship amendments, where states challenged central authority. Fiscal issues, such as delays in GST compensation or disagreements over revenue sharing, also spark confrontation. This blend ensures a robust, though sometimes fractious, federation, balancing unity with regional diversity.
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Sakshi Negi
Sakshi Negi is a Delhi-based journalist and content specialist with expertise in educational content and digital media, focusing particularly on government exam preparation and career guidance. With a degree in Journalism and Mass Communication from NRAI School of Mass Communication and her background as a Kendriya Vidyalaya alumna, she brings unique insights into the Indian education system and government sector opportunities.
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