Directions: In this section each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the answer sheet. S1: There exists a close relationship between meteorology and climatology. S6: First, the meteorological aspect of this discipline examines the process of gain and loss of heat energy by the air layer near the ground, keeping in view the fact that the basic principles apply at any place on the globe. Second, climatological aspect of the discipline examines the global pattern of thermal environment. P: In other words, it is concerned with the study of the characteristics and behaviour of the atmosphere. Q: The function of climatology is two-fold. R: Climatology, on the other hand, is concerned with the discussion of the component elements of climate as well as the factors which determine and control its distribution. S Meteorology, the physics of the lower atmosphere, studies the individual phenomenon of the atmosphere.
SPRQ
Solving Sentence Rearrangement: Meteorology and Climatology
This question asks us to arrange four jumbled sentences (P, Q, R, S) into a coherent paragraph, fitting them between the given first (S1) and last (S6) sentences. The passage discusses the relationship between meteorology and climatology.
Analyzing the Fixed Sentences (S1 and S6)
- S1: There exists a close relationship between meteorology and climatology. This sentence introduces the two main subjects, meteorology and climatology, and states that they are closely related. It sets the stage for the paragraph.
- S6: First, the meteorological aspect of this discipline examines the process of gain and loss of heat energy by the air layer near the ground, keeping in view the fact that the basic principles apply at any place on the globe. Second, climatological aspect of the discipline examines the global pattern of thermal environment. This sentence describes a "two-fold function" or "aspect" of the combined discipline, detailing the meteorological part and the climatological part. It suggests that a preceding sentence might have introduced this two-fold nature.
Analyzing the Jumbled Sentences (P, Q, R, S)
- P: In other words, it is concerned with the study of the characteristics and behaviour of the atmosphere. The phrase "In other words" suggests this sentence is rephrasing or elaborating on something just mentioned. "it" refers to a single subject.
- Q: The function of climatology is two-fold. This sentence explicitly mentions the "two-fold function of climatology". This strongly connects to S6, which details the two parts of this function. Thus, Q is likely to come immediately before S6.
- R: Climatology, on the other hand, is concerned with the discussion of the component elements of climate as well as the factors which determine and control its distribution. The phrase "on the other hand" indicates a contrast with something previously discussed. Given S1 introduces both meteorology and climatology, R likely contrasts climatology with meteorology, which would imply meteorology was discussed just before R.
- S: Meteorology, the physics of the lower atmosphere, studies the individual phenomenon of the atmosphere. This sentence defines or describes meteorology.
Developing the Logical Sequence
Let's try to build the sequence starting from S1 and moving towards S6.
- S1 introduces meteorology and climatology.
- We need to define or describe one or both. S defines Meteorology. R defines Climatology and uses "on the other hand", suggesting a contrast. It makes sense to define one first, then the other using the contrast phrase. So, S is likely to come before R.
- If S comes first, describing Meteorology, does P follow S? P says "In other words, it is concerned with the study of the characteristics and behaviour of the atmosphere." If "it" refers to Meteorology, this sentence elaborates on S. This seems logical: S defines Meteorology, and P provides another way to say what it studies. So, S followed by P is a likely pair.
- After discussing Meteorology (S and P), we need to discuss Climatology. R is about Climatology and starts with "on the other hand". This fits perfectly after S and P, contrasting Climatology with Meteorology. So, the sequence so far is S \(\to\) P \(\to\) R.
- Now we have Q left. Q states that the function of Climatology is two-fold. This follows logically after defining Climatology in R. Furthermore, Q mentioning the "two-fold function" directly leads into S6 which explains those two folds. So, Q must follow R and precede S6.
This reasoning leads to the sequence S \(\to\) P \(\to\) R \(\to\) Q.
Verifying the Sequence (S1 → SPRQ → S6)
Let's read the full paragraph with the SPRQ sequence:
S1: There exists a close relationship between meteorology and climatology.
S: Meteorology, the physics of the lower atmosphere, studies the individual phenomenon of the atmosphere.
P: In other words, it is concerned with the study of the characteristics and behaviour of the atmosphere.
R: Climatology, on the other hand, is concerned with the discussion of the component elements of climate as well as the factors which determine and control its distribution.
Q: The function of climatology is two-fold.
S6: First, the meteorological aspect of this discipline examines the process of gain and loss of heat energy by the air layer near the ground, keeping in view the fact that the basic principles apply at any place on the globe. Second, climatological aspect of the discipline examines the global pattern of thermal environment.
This arrangement flows smoothly and logically. S defines Meteorology, P elaborates on it, R introduces Climatology in contrast, Q states Climatology's two-fold function, and S6 explains that function.
Conclusion
Based on the logical flow and connections between sentences, the correct sequence is SPRQ.
| Sentence | Content/Role | Connection |
|---|---|---|
| S1 | Introduces Meteorology & Climatology relationship. | Starts the passage. |
| S | Defines Meteorology. | Likely follows S1, introducing one subject. |
| P | Elaborates on what "it" (Meteorology) studies. | Follows S, explaining it further ("In other words"). |
| R | Defines Climatology (contrasts with previous). | Follows S & P, introducing the other subject ("on the other hand"). |
| Q | States Climatology has a two-fold function. | Follows R, setting up S6. |
| S6 | Explains the two-fold function mentioned in Q. | Ends the passage, detailing Q. |
The sequence SPRQ forms a coherent and logical paragraph.
Revision Table: Sentence Jumbling
Sentence rearrangement questions test your ability to understand context, identify logical connections, and follow the flow of ideas in a passage. Key strategies include:
- Read all sentences (S1, S6, P, Q, R, S) carefully to grasp the overall topic.
- Analyze S1 and S6 to understand the beginning and end points.
- Look for connecting words or phrases (e.g., "on the other hand", "in other words", pronouns like "it", "this", "they", transition words like "therefore", "however", "first", "second").
- Identify pairs of sentences that logically follow each other (e.g., a definition followed by an elaboration, a cause followed by an effect, a general statement followed by an example).
- Try arranging the identified pairs or sequences to fit between S1 and S6.
- Read the complete rearranged paragraph to ensure it makes sense and flows smoothly.
Additional Information: Meteorology and Climatology
Meteorology and climatology are related but distinct fields studying the Earth's atmosphere.
- Meteorology: Focuses on short-term atmospheric phenomena (weather). It studies processes like temperature changes, wind patterns, precipitation, and storms, often for forecasting purposes over hours or days.
- Climatology: Focuses on long-term atmospheric patterns (climate). It studies the average weather conditions and their variations over months, years, or even centuries for specific regions or the globe. It looks at climate types, climate change, and factors influencing climate distribution.
- The close relationship comes from the fact that climate is essentially the long-term average of weather. Climatologists often use meteorological data collected over long periods to study climate patterns.
Similar Questions
Direction: The first and sixth sentences are marked as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. This is followed by four options each suggesting a sequence of the sentences. Identify the most appropriate option.
S1 : Consider the potential effect of just a small increase in the earth's atmospheric temperature.
S6 : If the sea level rose only a few feet, dozens of coastal cities would be destroyed and life would change utterly.
P : Some deserts might anyway bloom.
Q : But lands now fertile might turn to deserts, and many hot climates could become uninhabitable.
R : A rise of only a few degrees could melt the polar ice caps and submerge the planet in a short time.
S : Rainfall patterns would change.
The correct sequence should be
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S1 : In the ancient times, the kings and the royal families had their own banner and seal.
S6 : So the high officials commanded o great respect because of the descent, ability and character.
P : All the members of the royal family shared in the administration as far as possible.
Q : The royal palace was maintained in a great state.
R: The king was in theory an autocrat.
S : There were opportunities to influence the king in the formulation of policies.
The correct sequence should be
Direction: The first and sixth sentences are marked as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. This is followed by four options each suggesting a sequence of the sentences. Identify the most appropriate option.
S1 : Like many of its tropical counterparts, India was a colony of Britain, which ruled out any move to adjust the exchange rate.
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P : Indebted business failed.
Q : With devaluation made politically impossible, fall in export demand led to sustained and deep deflation.
R : Indebted households liquidated a variety of assets to repay loans when they could.
S : Real interest rates rose.
The correct sequence should be and
Direction: In this section, item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are marked as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. This is followed by four options each suggesting a sequence of the sentences. Identify the most appropriate option.
S1 : The rise of East Asia in the late twentieth century may ultimately prove to be a more important world-historical event than the collapse of communism.
S6 : Translated into political terms, this means that industrial capitalism is always accompanied by liberal democracy.
P : In the final two decades of the twentieth century, economic growth rates on the western rim of the Pacific Basin were between two and four times higher than those in the 'developed' economies of Europe and North America.
Q: The widespread assumption has been that modernization means westernization.
R : Certainly, the balance of the world's economy shifted markedly but from the West to the East in this period.
S : However, the notion that there is distinctively East Asian political form is less familiar one.
The correct sequence should be
Direction: In this section, item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are marked as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. This is followed by four options each suggesting a sequence of the sentences. Identify the most appropriate option.
S1 : Vijayanagara or 'city of victory' was the name of both a city and an empire.
S6 : They remembered it as Hampi, a name derived from that of the local Mother Goddess, Pampadevi.
P : In its heyday, it stretched from send the river Krishna in the North to the extreme South of the peninsula.
Q : The empire was founded in the fourteenth century.
R : In 1565, the city was destroyed and subsequently deserted.
S : Although it fell into ruin in the seventeenth-eighteenth centuries, it lived on in the memories of people living in the Krishna-Tungabhadra Doab.)
The correct sequence should be
Direction: In this section, item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are marked as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. This is followed by four options each suggesting a sequence of the sentences. Identify the most appropriate option.
S1 : Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.
S6 : The tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production, Mahatma Gandhi declared, revealed the most oppressive face of the British rule.
P : On 31 January, 1930, he sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands.
Q : The idea was to make the demands wide-ranging, so that all classes within Indian society could identify with them and everyone could be brought together in a united campaign.
R : Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike, and it was one of the most essential items of food.
S : The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax.
The correct sequence should be
Direction: In this section, item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are marked as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. This is followed by four options each suggesting a sequence of the sentences. Identify the most appropriate option.
S1 : In agriculture, water is mainly used for irrigation.
S6 : Hence, it is difficult to practice agriculture without assured irrigation during dry seasons.
P : The large tracts of the country are deficient in rainfall and are drought prone.
Q : Winter and summer seasons are more or less dry in most part of the country.
R : Irrigation is needed because of spatio-temporal variability in rainfall in the country.
S: North-Western India and Deccan Plateau constitute such areas.
The correct sequence should be
Direction: In this section, item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are marked as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. This is followed by four options each suggesting a sequence of the sentences. Identify the most appropriate option.
S1 : Manipur has a long and glorious history from before the beginning of the Christian Era.
S6 : Manipur regained its independence in 1947 and merged into Indian Union in 1949.
P : Then, Manipur came under the British rule in 1891.
Q : The independence and sovereignty remained uninterrupted until the Burmese invasion and occupation for around seven years in the first quarter of the 19th century (1819-1826).
R : The political history of Manipur could be traced back to 33 AD with the coronation of Nongda Lairen Pakhangba.
S : After Pakhangba, a number of kings ruled over the Kingdom of Manipur.
The correct sequence should be
The following question consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly.
S1: According to the legend it was during a famine in China many thousands of years ago that rice first came into the lives of the Asians.
S6: And the little girl gathered a harvest of rice.
P: The golden sunbeams dropped through the meshes and transformed themselves into golden grams.
Q: A little girl went fishing.
R: But instead of catching fish she netted the King of Frogs.
S: The King told her to hold out the net to the sunbeams while he sang a magic song.
The proper sequence should be:
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S1: Ramu was in a great hurry.
S6: Fortunately, it wasn’t a very serious one.
P: As a result of this carelessness, he met with an accident.
Q: The examination was to begin in five minutes time.
R: He just rushed across the road.
S: So he forgot to look to the left or right as he always did.
The proper sequence should be
Important Questions from Para Jumbles
Rearrange the 4 disorganized sentences P, Q, R and S to form a meaningful paragraph.
P : cricket is a religion in India and
Q : most of the other sports suffer
R : due to the extra importance given to cricket as a game
S : it is known to all
Proper order is
A. PQSR
B. PSQR
C. QSPR
D. SPRQ
Rearrange the 4 disorganized sentences P, Q, R and S to form a meaningful paragraph.
P : is mostly produced in rural farms
Q : India is a leading producer of
R : milk is the most important of them and
S : dairy products by volume
Proper order is
A. SRPQ
B. QSPR
C. QPSR
D. QSRP
Rearrange the 4 disorganized sentences P, Q, R and S to form a meaningful paragraph.
P: mostly decided by the market conditions
Q: Sometimes, a United States dollar is worth only 12 pesos in Mexico
R: the rates of exchange between them vary from time to time
S: and some other time it can be 100 pesos
Proper order is -
A. PRSQ
B. QPRS
C. QSRP
D. QSPR
Directions: Given below are four jumbled sentences. Out of the given options select the one that gives their correct order.
A. Anush was very afraid of stray dogs.
B. Anush’s mother saw the dog chasing her son.
C. One evening, when a street dog barked at him, Anush turned and started running.
D. The dog ran after him barking loudly and fiercely.
Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the right order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
A. In arid regions it may form an almost erect shrub.
B. The grape is usually a woody vine, climbing by means of tendrils and often reaching a length of 17 metres or more.
C. Small greenish flowers, in clusters, precede the fruit, which varies in colour from almost black to green, red and amber.
D. The edible leaves are alternate, palmately lobed and always tooth-edged.
