Direction: In this section, item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are marked as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. This is followed by four options each suggesting a sequence of the sentences. Identify the most appropriate option. S1 : In agriculture, water is mainly used for irrigation. S6 : Hence, it is difficult to practice agriculture without assured irrigation during dry seasons. P : The large tracts of the country are deficient in rainfall and are drought prone. Q : Winter and summer seasons are more or less dry in most part of the country. R : Irrigation is needed because of spatio-temporal variability in rainfall in the country. S: North-Western India and Deccan Plateau constitute such areas. The correct sequence should be
Understanding Sentence Arrangement for Passage Coherence
The task involves arranging four jumbled sentences (P, Q, R, and S) between a fixed first sentence (S1) and a fixed sixth sentence (S6) to form a meaningful and coherent passage. This exercise tests your ability to identify logical connections and flow between ideas.
Let's look at the fixed sentences and the jumbled sentences:
- S1: In agriculture, water is mainly used for irrigation. (This introduces the primary topic: water use in agriculture, specifically irrigation).
- S6: Hence, it is difficult to practice agriculture without assured irrigation during dry seasons. (This concludes by emphasizing the necessity of irrigation, linking it to dry seasons).
- P: The large tracts of the country are deficient in rainfall and are drought prone. (Discusses areas with low rainfall and drought issues).
- Q: Winter and summer seasons are more or less dry in most part of the country. (Discusses specific dry periods/seasons).
- R: Irrigation is needed because of spatio-temporal variability in rainfall in the country. (Provides a general reason for irrigation - variation in rainfall across space and time).
- S: North-Western India and Deccan Plateau constitute such areas. (Gives examples of the areas mentioned in P).
Analyzing the Connections and Flow
We need to find a logical sequence for P, Q, R, and S that fits between S1 and S6. S1 states the importance of irrigation. R provides the core reason for needing irrigation (spatio-temporal variability). This makes R a strong candidate to follow S1.
- S1 introduces irrigation.
- R explains why irrigation is needed (because rainfall varies over space and time). This follows logically from S1.
So, the sequence likely starts with S1 followed by R.
Now consider P, Q, and S. R mentions "spatio-temporal variability". P talks about areas deficient in rainfall (a spatial aspect). S gives examples of these areas (further spatial detail). Q talks about dry seasons (a temporal aspect).
- R mentions spatio-temporal variability.
- P describes large areas with deficient rainfall and drought prone conditions, which illustrates the spatial variability aspect mentioned in R. So, P could follow R.
- S provides specific examples ("such areas") mentioned in P (North-Western India and Deccan Plateau). S logically follows P to support the claim made in P.
This suggests a sequence R → P → S.
Where does Q fit? Q discusses dry seasons (winter and summer), illustrating the temporal variability aspect mentioned in R. S6 then concludes by referring to the difficulty of farming without irrigation during these "dry seasons". This strong link between Q and S6 suggests Q should come just before S6.
Let's test the sequence S1 → R → P → S → Q → S6:
- S1: In agriculture, water is mainly used for irrigation. (Topic)
- R: Irrigation is needed because of spatio-temporal variability in rainfall in the country. (General reason)
- P: The large tracts of the country are deficient in rainfall and are drought prone. (Spatial issue arising from variability)
- S: North-Western India and Deccan Plateau constitute such areas. (Examples for P)
- Q: Winter and summer seasons are more or less dry in most part of the country. (Temporal issue arising from variability)
- S6: Hence, it is difficult to practice agriculture without assured irrigation during dry seasons. (Conclusion linked to Q)
This sequence (RPSQ) creates a coherent passage:
S1 → R (General reason) → P (Spatial problem) → S (Examples of spatial problem) → Q (Temporal problem) → S6 (Conclusion tied to temporal problem).
Evaluating the Options
Let's compare this flow with the given options:
- RPSQ: S1 → R → P → S → Q → S6. This aligns with our logical flow.
- RSPQ: S1 → R → S → P → Q → S6. Here, S ("such areas") comes before P which defines "such areas". Illogical.
- SPQR: S1 → S → P → Q → R → S6. S cannot follow S1 as it refers to "such areas" without prior context. Illogical.
- QPRS: S1 → Q → P → R → S → S6. R (the general reason) comes late in the sequence, after specific temporal (Q) and spatial (P) issues are mentioned, which feels less structured than starting with the general reason R.
The sequence RPSQ provides the most logical and smooth transition between sentences, forming a coherent passage about the need for irrigation due to rainfall variability.
The Complete Passage
S1 : In agriculture, water is mainly used for irrigation.
R : Irrigation is needed because of spatio-temporal variability in rainfall in the country.
P : The large tracts of the country are deficient in rainfall and are drought prone.
S: North-Western India and Deccan Plateau constitute such areas.
Q : Winter and summer seasons are more or less dry in most part of the country.
S6 : Hence, it is difficult to practice agriculture without assured irrigation during dry seasons.
This forms a clear and logical passage.
| Sentence | Role in Passage | Connection |
|---|---|---|
| S1 | Introduction (Topic) | Sets the stage: water use in agriculture. |
| R | General Reason for Irrigation | Explains why irrigation is needed (variability). Connects to S1. |
| P | Specific Problem (Spatial) | Details the spatial aspect of variability (drought-prone areas). Connects to R. |
| S | Example for Spatial Problem | Provides examples of the areas mentioned in P. Connects to P. |
| Q | Specific Problem (Temporal) | Details the temporal aspect of variability (dry seasons). Connects to R. |
| S6 | Conclusion | Summarizes the difficulty without irrigation, linked to the temporal problem (dry seasons). Connects to Q. |
Based on the logical flow and connections between sentences, the correct sequence of the jumbled sentences is RPSQ.
Revision Table: Sentence Arrangement Strategies
| Strategy | Description | How it Helps |
|---|---|---|
| Identify S1 and S6 | Understand the starting point and the conclusion of the passage. | Provides context and boundaries for arranging the middle sentences. |
| Find Topic Sentences | Look for sentences that introduce a new idea or aspect. | Helps in identifying potential starting points for a paragraph or a shift in focus. R acts like a topic sentence explaining the reason for irrigation. |
| Look for Connectors | Identify words or phrases that link sentences (e.g., "hence," "such areas," pronouns, transition words). | "Such areas" in S clearly links it to a preceding mention of areas (like in P). "Hence" in S6 indicates a conclusion drawn from previous statements (specifically Q). |
| Identify Cause and Effect | Determine if one sentence describes a cause and another its effect. | R states the cause (variability), P and Q describe the effects (drought-prone areas, dry seasons). S6 describes a consequence (difficulty farming) of the effect (dry seasons). |
| Follow Chronological or Logical Order | Arrange sentences based on time sequence or a step-by-step argument. | The passage moves from a general reason (R) to specific examples (P, S, Q) and then a conclusion (S6). |
Additional Information: Spatio-Temporal Variability in Rainfall
Spatio-temporal variability refers to how something changes over both space (location) and time (period). In the context of rainfall:
- Spatial Variability: Rainfall amounts differ significantly from one region to another at the same time. For example, some parts of India might receive heavy monsoon rains while others are experiencing drought.
- Temporal Variability: Rainfall amounts change significantly over time in the same region. This includes seasonal variations (e.g., heavy rain during monsoon, dry winters/summers) and year-to-year variations (e.g., good monsoon year vs. drought year).
Because rainfall is highly variable in India, agriculture, which heavily relies on water, cannot depend solely on natural rain. This makes irrigation crucial to ensure a stable water supply for crops throughout the year, especially in regions with low overall rainfall or during dry seasons.
Similar Questions
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Direction: In this section, item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are marked as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. This is followed by four options each suggesting a sequence of the sentences. Identify the most appropriate option.
S1 : The rise of East Asia in the late twentieth century may ultimately prove to be a more important world-historical event than the collapse of communism.
S6 : Translated into political terms, this means that industrial capitalism is always accompanied by liberal democracy.
P : In the final two decades of the twentieth century, economic growth rates on the western rim of the Pacific Basin were between two and four times higher than those in the 'developed' economies of Europe and North America.
Q: The widespread assumption has been that modernization means westernization.
R : Certainly, the balance of the world's economy shifted markedly but from the West to the East in this period.
S : However, the notion that there is distinctively East Asian political form is less familiar one.
The correct sequence should be
Direction: In this section, item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are marked as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. This is followed by four options each suggesting a sequence of the sentences. Identify the most appropriate option.
S1 : Vijayanagara or 'city of victory' was the name of both a city and an empire.
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R : In 1565, the city was destroyed and subsequently deserted.
S : Although it fell into ruin in the seventeenth-eighteenth centuries, it lived on in the memories of people living in the Krishna-Tungabhadra Doab.)
The correct sequence should be
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S1 : Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.
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P : On 31 January, 1930, he sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands.
Q : The idea was to make the demands wide-ranging, so that all classes within Indian society could identify with them and everyone could be brought together in a united campaign.
R : Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike, and it was one of the most essential items of food.
S : The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax.
The correct sequence should be
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S1 : Manipur has a long and glorious history from before the beginning of the Christian Era.
S6 : Manipur regained its independence in 1947 and merged into Indian Union in 1949.
P : Then, Manipur came under the British rule in 1891.
Q : The independence and sovereignty remained uninterrupted until the Burmese invasion and occupation for around seven years in the first quarter of the 19th century (1819-1826).
R : The political history of Manipur could be traced back to 33 AD with the coronation of Nongda Lairen Pakhangba.
S : After Pakhangba, a number of kings ruled over the Kingdom of Manipur.
The correct sequence should be
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S1: According to the legend it was during a famine in China many thousands of years ago that rice first came into the lives of the Asians.
S6: And the little girl gathered a harvest of rice.
P: The golden sunbeams dropped through the meshes and transformed themselves into golden grams.
Q: A little girl went fishing.
R: But instead of catching fish she netted the King of Frogs.
S: The King told her to hold out the net to the sunbeams while he sang a magic song.
The proper sequence should be:
The following question consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly.
S1: Ramu was in a great hurry.
S6: Fortunately, it wasn’t a very serious one.
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Q: The examination was to begin in five minutes time.
R: He just rushed across the road.
S: So he forgot to look to the left or right as he always did.
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S1: One fine morning, I heard a sound of fire engines with loud alarm bells.
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R: The policemen were standing around a big house.
S: I immediately rushed out to see what was happening.
The proper sequence should be
Important Questions from Para Jumbles
Rearrange the 4 disorganized sentences P, Q, R and S to form a meaningful paragraph.
P : cricket is a religion in India and
Q : most of the other sports suffer
R : due to the extra importance given to cricket as a game
S : it is known to all
Proper order is
A. PQSR
B. PSQR
C. QSPR
D. SPRQ
Rearrange the 4 disorganized sentences P, Q, R and S to form a meaningful paragraph.
P : is mostly produced in rural farms
Q : India is a leading producer of
R : milk is the most important of them and
S : dairy products by volume
Proper order is
A. SRPQ
B. QSPR
C. QPSR
D. QSRP
Rearrange the 4 disorganized sentences P, Q, R and S to form a meaningful paragraph.
P: mostly decided by the market conditions
Q: Sometimes, a United States dollar is worth only 12 pesos in Mexico
R: the rates of exchange between them vary from time to time
S: and some other time it can be 100 pesos
Proper order is -
A. PRSQ
B. QPRS
C. QSRP
D. QSPR
Directions: Given below are four jumbled sentences. Out of the given options select the one that gives their correct order.
A. Anush was very afraid of stray dogs.
B. Anush’s mother saw the dog chasing her son.
C. One evening, when a street dog barked at him, Anush turned and started running.
D. The dog ran after him barking loudly and fiercely.
Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the right order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
A. In arid regions it may form an almost erect shrub.
B. The grape is usually a woody vine, climbing by means of tendrils and often reaching a length of 17 metres or more.
C. Small greenish flowers, in clusters, precede the fruit, which varies in colour from almost black to green, red and amber.
D. The edible leaves are alternate, palmately lobed and always tooth-edged.
