Arrange the following steps in the correct order of Controlling Process : A. Comparison of actual performance with the standards B. Measurement of actual performance C. Corrective action wherever required D. Establishment of standards Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
D, B, A, C
The correct order is D, B, A, C — option 2.
The four steps of control, in sequence.
| Order | Step | Why it must come here |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | D — Establishment of standards | Nothing can be measured against nothing. The standard is the criterion, and it comes from the planning function — which is why control is said to be the twin of planning |
| 2 | B — Measurement of actual performance | Once the yardstick exists, actual results are measured against it |
| 3 | A — Comparison with the standard | The measurement is set beside the standard to reveal the deviation |
| 4 | C — Corrective action | Taken only where the deviation matters — the last step, and the one that makes control more than mere reporting |
The logic that fixes the order. Two of the four are easy to place at the ends: a standard must exist before anything is measured, and correction can only follow the discovery of a deviation. Fixing D first and C last already eliminates every option except 2 — a useful way to answer sequence questions without reasoning through the middle.
Two refinements worth knowing.
| Principle | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Management by exception | Only significant deviations are reported upward; small ones are ignored, so that managerial attention is not consumed by trivia |
| Critical point control | Not everything can be controlled; attention is concentrated on the few points at which failure would be most damaging |
Corrective action takes two forms. Either the performance is brought back to the standard — retraining, replacing equipment, changing methods — or, where the deviation shows the standard itself was unrealistic, the standard is revised. The second is not a failure of control but its feedback into planning, and it is what makes control a cyclical rather than a linear process.
The relationship with planning. Planning sets the objectives; control checks whether they are being met and feeds the answer back. Without planning there is nothing to control against; without control, plans are merely intentions.
Hence, the answer is D, B, A, C.
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