Who prefers to call Indian federalism as 'co-operative federalism' which produces a strong central government yet it does not necessarily result its weak provincial governments that are largely administrative agencies for central policies ?
Granville Austin
Granville Austin, in his classic work 'The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation' (1966), described Indian federalism as 'co-operative federalism'. According to Austin, the Indian Constitution produces a strong central government yet does not necessarily result in weak provincial governments; instead, the Union and States cooperate through mechanisms like the Inter-State Council, Finance Commission, and Concurrent List. His formulation has been repeatedly cited by the Supreme Court in cases like S.R. Bommai v. Union of India. Hence, the term 'co-operative federalism' for India is Austin's.
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