Which one of the following terms correctly denotes the mechanism and phenotypic changes that are not a result of variation in the underlying DNA sequence, but are caused by secondary modifications of DNA or histones in response to other heritable or environmental influences?
Epigenetics
Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression and phenotype caused by mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification, without any change in the underlying DNA nucleotide sequence itself.
Consider the following statements with regard to point mutations:
1. If a purine is replaced by another purine, it is called 'transition'.
2. If a purine is replaced by a pyrimidine, it is called 'transversion'.
3. If a pyrimidine is replaced by another pyrimidine, it is called 'transversion'.
Which of the statements given above are correct?