Which of the following National Parks of India are declared as World Heritage by UNESCO? 1. Keoladeo National Park 2. Sundarbans National Park 3. Kaziranga National Park 4. Ranthambore National Park
1, 2 and 3 only
Understanding UNESCO World Heritage National Parks in India
The question asks to identify which of the listed National Parks of India have been declared as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. UNESCO declares sites of outstanding universal value as World Heritage Sites, which can include cultural, natural, or mixed sites. Several National Parks in India are recognized for their ecological significance and biodiversity under the Natural Sites category.
Analysing the National Parks listed for UNESCO Status:
- Keoladeo National Park: Located in Rajasthan, Keoladeo National Park (formerly Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary) is famous for its rich avian fauna, especially during the winter season when migratory birds arrive. It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Therefore, Keoladeo National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Sundarbans National Park: Part of the larger Sundarbans region spread across India and Bangladesh, this National Park in West Bengal is known for its unique mangrove forests and is home to the Bengal tiger. Sundarbans National Park was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987. Thus, Sundarbans National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Kaziranga National Park: Situated in Assam, Kaziranga National Park is renowned for housing the world's largest population of the one-horned rhinoceros. It also hosts tigers, elephants, wild water buffalo, and swamp deer. Kaziranga National Park was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Hence, Kaziranga National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Ranthambore National Park: Located in Rajasthan, Ranthambore National Park is one of the largest and most famous National Parks in Northern India, known for its tiger population. While it is a significant wildlife reserve, Ranthambore National Park is not currently listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Identifying the Correct Combination of UNESCO World Heritage Parks
Based on the analysis above, the National Parks from the list that are UNESCO World Heritage Sites are:
- Keoladeo National Park
- Sundarbans National Park
- Kaziranga National Park
Ranthambore National Park is not a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Now let's check the given options:
- Option 1: 1 and 2 only (Keoladeo and Sundarbans). This is incorrect because Kaziranga (3) is also a UNESCO site from the list.
- Option 2: 1, 2 and 3 only (Keoladeo, Sundarbans, and Kaziranga). This option correctly identifies all the listed parks that are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
- Option 3: 3 and 4 only (Kaziranga and Ranthambore). This is incorrect because Ranthambore (4) is not a UNESCO site.
- Option 4: 1, 2, 3 and 4 (Keoladeo, Sundarbans, Kaziranga, and Ranthambore). This is incorrect because Ranthambore (4) is not a UNESCO site.
Conclusion
The correct combination of National Parks from the given list that are declared as UNESCO World Heritage Sites is Keoladeo National Park, Sundarbans National Park, and Kaziranga National Park.
Revision Table: India's UNESCO World Heritage National Parks
| National Park | State | UNESCO World Heritage Site? | Year of Inscription |
|---|---|---|---|
| Keoladeo National Park | Rajasthan | Yes | 1985 |
| Sundarbans National Park | West Bengal | Yes | 1987 |
| Kaziranga National Park | Assam | Yes | 1985 |
| Ranthambore National Park | Rajasthan | No | - |
Additional Information on UNESCO Sites and Indian Parks
India has a total of 42 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, which include cultural, natural, and mixed sites. Natural World Heritage Sites are recognized for their outstanding universal value from a scientific or conservation perspective. The declaration of a National Park as a World Heritage Site brings global recognition and support for its conservation efforts. Besides the parks mentioned in the question, other notable Natural World Heritage Sites in India include the Western Ghats, the Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area, Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks, and Manas Wildlife Sanctuary.
Understanding which parks hold this prestigious status is important for exams focusing on Indian geography, environment, and international conservation efforts like those by UNESCO.
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