Which of the following is the only rack railway in India that was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005?
Nilgiri Mountain Railway
The correct answer is Nilgiri Mountain Railway.
The Nilgiri Mountain Railway, running 46 km from Mettupalayam to Udagamandalam (Ooty) in Tamil Nadu, is the only rack (Abt system) railway in India. Opened in 1908, it uses a toothed central rail to climb the steep Nilgiri gradients that ordinary adhesion tracks cannot manage. In 2005 UNESCO extended the earlier "Mountain Railways of India" World Heritage inscription (which already included the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway) to add the Nilgiri Mountain Railway; the Kalka-Shimla Railway was added later, in 2008. Kangra Valley and Matheran lines are narrow-gauge but not rack railways.
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