Which methods are utilized to control the access to an object in multi-threaded programming ?
Synchronized methods
When several threads share one object, two threads updating its fields at the same time can leave it in an inconsistent state (a race condition). Access must be made mutually exclusive.
In Java a method declared with the keyword synchronized acquires the object's intrinsic lock (monitor) before it runs and releases it when it returns. While one thread holds the lock, other threads calling a synchronized method on the same object must wait.
So synchronized methods are exactly the mechanism used to control access to a shared object. 'Asynchronized' is not a Java mechanism, and serialization converts an object into a byte stream for storage or transmission; it has nothing to do with thread access.
Hence, the answer is Synchronized methods.
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