Consider the following JAVA program : public class First { public static int CBSE (int x) { if (x < 100) x = CBSE (x + 10); return (x – 1); } public static void main (String[] args){ System.out.print(First.CBSE(60)); } } What does this program print ?
95
The recursive method keeps calling itself with x + 10 while x is below 100, and on the way back each level subtracts 1 from the value returned by the deeper call. The output is the value returned by the outermost call with argument 60.
Step 1 — The calls go 60 → 70 → 80 → 90 → 100. At x = 100 the condition x < 100 is false, so no further call is made and the method returns 100 − 1 = 99.
Step 2 — Unwinding: the call with 90 receives 99, stores it in x and returns 98; the call with 80 returns 97; the call with 70 returns 96; the call with 60 returns 95.
| Call | x on entry | x after inner call | Returns |
|---|---|---|---|
| call(100) | 100 | 100 (no recursion) | 99 |
| call(90) | 90 | 99 | 98 |
| call(80) | 80 | 98 | 97 |
| call(70) | 70 | 97 | 96 |
| call(60) | 60 | 96 | 95 |
Step 3 — main prints the outermost return value, 95.
59 would be the result of returning x − 1 without the recursive assignment, 69 ignores most of the unwinding, and 99 is only the value returned by the deepest call before the four decrements on the way back.
95 option is correct.
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