Which method is best used to separate a mixture of salt and ammonium chloride?
Sublimation
Ammonium chloride is a substance that sublimes: on heating it changes directly from a solid to a vapour without melting, and on cooling the vapour turns straight back into a solid. Common salt does not sublime and stays behind as a solid when heated.
So when the mixture is heated in a china dish covered with an inverted funnel, ammonium chloride vapour rises and deposits as a solid on the cool walls of the funnel, while salt remains in the dish. Therefore sublimation separates the two.
Both salt and ammonium chloride dissolve in water, so filtration cannot separate them, and evaporating such a solution would leave both solids together. Distillation is used to separate liquids or to recover a liquid from a solution, not to separate two solids like these.
Hence, Sublimation.
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