A student is given a mixture of sand, salt, and water. Which sequence of steps would best separate all components to obtain pure sand and pure salt?
Filter the mixture, then evaporate the water from the filtrate
Salt dissolves in water while sand does not, so the mixture is a salt solution containing insoluble sand. The two solids can be separated by using this difference in solubility.
When the mixture is filtered, the sand stays on the filter paper as the residue; washing and drying it gives pure sand. The salt solution passes through as the filtrate, and evaporating the water from it leaves pure salt behind as crystals.
Heating the whole mixture only drives off water and leaves sand and salt mixed together, and decanting leaves the salt still dissolved in the liquid. Neither sand nor salt is attracted by a magnet, and cooling does not separate the sand from the dissolved salt, so these sequences do not give both pure components.
Hence, Filter the mixture, then evaporate the water from the filtrate.
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