Which among the following is NOT a type of Longitudinal Research?
Cross-sectional study
Longitudinal research is defined by one essential feature: the same subjects or the same target population are studied repeatedly across several points in time, so that genuine change, growth, or development can be measured. The unit of comparison is time itself.
The cross-sectional study breaks this defining rule. Here data are gathered from several different groups at a single moment in time — for example, surveying 10-year-olds, 20-year-olds and 30-year-olds together in one week and comparing them. Because each person is observed only once and different groups stand in for different ages, it captures a snapshot, not a trajectory. This is why the cross-sectional study is NOT a type of longitudinal research.
The other three are all longitudinal:
- The trend study surveys the same broad population repeatedly over years using fresh representative samples each time (for example, repeated national opinion polls), tracking how the population shifts over time.
- The cohort study follows a group sharing a common defining event — such as everyone born in the same year — and re-examines that cohort at successive intervals.
- The prospective study starts with subjects now and follows them forward in time to watch outcomes unfold, which is inherently time-spanning.
Because these three all track change over an extended period while only the cross-sectional design freezes a single instant, the answer is Cross-sectional study.
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Natural pheonomen aided by systematic classification and measurement, led to the development of theories and laws is_________.
A college teacher does research with a view to depict the reality situations relating to home conditions of students and hostels provided for. Which of the following research format will be helpful to do so?
