What is the purpose of connecting a resistor in series with a Zener diode in a voltage regulator circuit ?
To limit the forward bias current
In a Zener shunt regulator the Zener diode is connected across the load and a resistor RS is placed in series between the supply and the diode.
The supply voltage in excess of VZ drops across this series resistor, so the current through the circuit is \(I = \dfrac{V_{in} - V_Z}{R_S}\). Without RS nothing would limit the current and the diode would be destroyed.
The series resistor therefore acts as the current-limiting element; it does not change the breakdown voltage, which is fixed by the doping of the diode, and it has nothing to do with mechanical stability.
Hence, the purpose of the series resistor is To limit the forward bias current.
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