In semiconductor manufacturing, what does the term wafer refer to ?
A thin slice of single-crystal semiconductor material
A thin slice of single-crystal semiconductor material option is correct.
In semiconductor manufacturing a wafer is the substrate on which every integrated circuit is built. It is a thin, highly polished disc sliced from a large single-crystal ingot of silicon (or, for special processes, germanium, gallium arsenide, silicon carbide or indium phosphide) grown by the Czochralski or float-zone method. Typical thicknesses are of the order of a few hundred micrometres and modern diameters are 200 mm or 300 mm.
The wafer must be single-crystal so that the periodic lattice supports well-defined energy bands and consistent carrier mobilities across the whole surface; grain boundaries in poly-crystalline material would ruin device uniformity and yield.
Metallisation, dielectric insulation and encapsulation are all layers that are later deposited on top of the wafer during processing and packaging — none of those layers is itself the wafer, which by definition is only the crystalline semiconductor slice that acts as the starting substrate.
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Important Questions from Mixed Topic (MH-SET)
.................... is a client server application that identifies each host on the internet with a unique user-friendly name.
Every OS has a ................ or .......... which primarily resides in the main memory of the computer to perform some of the basic functions of the OS.
(i) Kernel
(ii) Interface
(iii) Nucleus
(iv) Compiler
Codes:
Which of the following are referred to as low level language?
(i) Machine language
(ii) Assembly language
(iii) High level language
(iv) Natural language
Codes:
Match the following:
List I List II (a) New York Public Library (i) Shelv AR (b) Miami University Augmented Research Group (ii) Smart library (c) Oula University Library (iii) Wolf Walk (d) North Carolina State University (iv) Find the future Codes:
Which part of the QR code represents the encoded data?
