Caste mobility in India, though traditionally viewed as rigid, has historically occurred in various forms, challenging the notion of a completely static system. The most widely recognized type is Sanskritization, a concept popularized by M.N. Srinivas. This refers to a process where a low caste, or a tribal or other group, changes its customs, rituals, ideology, and way of life in the direction of a high, frequently "twice-born," caste. By adopting the cultural practices, dietary habits, and rituals of a dominant caste, the aspiring group hopes to claim a higher status over a generation or two. This is primarily a cultural mobility that, over time, can lead to upward social reclassification.

Another form is Westernization, which involves adopting modern, often Western, lifestyles, education, occupations, and secular values, leading to a shift in status, often bypassing traditional caste hierarchies. This is more individual-centric but can also affect groups. Occupational mobility is a significant factor, as economic liberalization and industrialization have opened up new non-caste-based professions, allowing individuals from lower castes to achieve upward mobility through economic success and education. There's also a more radical structural mobility, where entire caste groups, often through political mobilization and reservations, gain access to resources and power, leading to an overall upliftment of their social standing.

Several factors are responsible for these shifts. Education is paramount, providing access to better jobs and knowledge, thereby weakening traditional occupational ties. Urbanization breaks down the rigid social controls of the village, offering anonymity and new opportunities. Industrialization and economic diversification create new employment avenues independent of caste. Democratic politics and constitutional provisions, particularly affirmative action (reservations), have played a crucial role in empowering marginalized castes. Lastly, the rise of reform movements and social legislation has continuously challenged discriminatory practices, fostering an environment where caste status is increasingly less determined by birth alone.