Given below are two statements : Statement I : It is relatively easier to monitor and regulate water pollution caused by nonpoint sources than point sources. Statement II : Nonpoint sources of water pollution may be fairly uniform and predictable throughout the year. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Concept tested: The distinction between point and nonpoint sources of water pollution. A point source discharges pollutants from a single identifiable outlet — a factory outfall pipe, a sewage drain — that can be pinpointed on a map. A nonpoint source is diffuse, spread over a wide area, such as run-off of fertilizers and pesticides from farmland, urban storm run-off, or seepage.
Statement I claims it is relatively easier to monitor and regulate nonpoint-source pollution than point-source pollution. This is false. Because a point source comes from a fixed, identifiable outlet, it can be located, sampled, measured and controlled with comparative ease. Nonpoint sources are scattered and cannot be traced to a single origin, which makes them much harder — not easier — to monitor and regulate.
Statement II claims that nonpoint sources are fairly uniform and predictable throughout the year. This too is false. Nonpoint pollution is highly irregular: it depends on rainfall events, seasonal farming operations, snowmelt and storms, so its volume and timing fluctuate sharply and are hard to predict, unlike the comparatively steady flow from many point sources.
Since both statements are wrong, both are false.
Why the other options are wrong: Any option that treats either statement as true contradicts the basic facts that nonpoint sources are harder to control and highly variable, so only the both-false combination fits.
Takeaway: Point sources are localized, steady and easier to regulate; nonpoint sources are diffuse, irregular and much harder to control.
Correct answer: Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
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