Donald Trump’s unilateral tariffs, often justified under national security or “reciprocity,” directly undermined the World Trade Organization’s credibility. These measures bypassed WTO rules, violated the principle of non-discrimination, and set dangerous precedents, threatening the multilateral trading system.

To salvage the WTO, members must pursue a mix of reforms and collective actions. First, reviving the Dispute Settlement System (DSS) is crucial. The paralysis of the Appellate Body weakened enforcement, encouraging unilateralism. Members could explore interim arbitration mechanisms or procedural reforms to prevent single-member vetoes.

Second, WTO rules must be updated to reflect new realities. E-commerce, digital trade, subsidies, and state-capitalist practices need clear regulations. Addressing these modern issues would restore faith in the WTO’s relevance.

Third, plurilateral agreements—coalitions of like-minded members—offer a path forward where consensus is elusive. This allows progress without waiting for all 164 members to agree, while remaining within the WTO framework.

Fourth, collective counter-measures within WTO rules can deter violations. Coordinated legal challenges and proportionate retaliatory tariffs demonstrate that unilateralism carries costs.

Finally, renewed political commitment is essential. Diplomatic pressure and public advocacy against protectionism must emphasize the long-term benefits of an open, rule-based order.

Ultimately, salvaging the WTO requires not just technical fixes but also leadership from major economies willing to recommit to multilateralism.