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Discuss the political socialization of open and closed societies. 

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2025 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (25-May-2025)

Political socialization refers to the process by which individuals acquire political beliefs, values, and behaviors. In open societies, characterized by democracy, pluralism, and free expression, this process is dynamic and diverse. Families, schools, peer groups, media, and civic organizations expose individuals to multiple perspectives, encouraging debate and critical thinking. Citizens are more likely to develop independent political identities and actively participate in civic life. Dissent and diversity are tolerated, producing a more vibrant and participatory political culture. In contrast, closed societies, typically authoritarian in nature, centralize and control political socialization. The state dominates schools, media, and cultural institutions, ensuring the spread of a single ideology. Information is restricted, alternative views are suppressed, and loyalty to ruling elites is emphasized. Such systems discourage independent thought, fostering conformity and obedience. The contrast shows how freedom of information and participation shapes not only political attitudes but also the quality and stability of governance.

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Sakshi Negi

Sakshi Negi is a Delhi-based journalist and content specialist with expertise in educational content and digital media, focusing particularly on government exam preparation and career guidance. With a degree in Journalism and Mass Communication from NRAI School of Mass Communication and her background as a Kendriya Vidyalaya alumna, she brings unique insights into the Indian education system and government sector opportunities.

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