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Question

Explain the non-traditional security threats in the context of food and environmental crises.

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2025 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (25-May-2025)

Non-traditional security threats move beyond conventional military concerns, focusing on issues that directly affect human well-being and national stability. Food and environmental crises are particularly significant in this category. Food insecurity, often worsened by climate change, extreme weather, and resource scarcity, can spark social unrest, drive migration, and even fuel violent conflict within and between states. Rising prices or shortages undermine public trust in governments and strain already fragile political systems. Environmental degradation, including deforestation, water scarcity, pollution, and biodiversity loss, further exacerbates insecurity. These problems disrupt livelihoods, displace populations, and weaken state capacity to govern effectively. Climate-induced disasters also create humanitarian crises that transcend borders, forcing countries to cooperate while simultaneously generating new tensions. Together, food and environmental crises highlight the vulnerability of modern societies to non-military threats. Addressing them requires broadening the concept of security to encompass human security, sustainability, and resilience, rather than relying solely on traditional defense strategies.

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