The type of marketing that is the most recent to emerge is :
Social marketing
Option 4 — Social marketing is correct.
Among the four listed types, social marketing is the most recently evolved. The term was formally introduced by Philip Kotler and Gerald Zaltman in 1971. It applies commercial marketing principles and techniques to influence a target audience to voluntarily accept, reject, modify or abandon a behaviour for the benefit of individuals, groups or society as a whole.
Typical examples include anti-smoking, road-safety, immunisation, family-planning and sanitation campaigns — the “product” here is an idea or desirable behaviour rather than a commercial good.
Why the other options are wrong:
| Type | Relative timing |
|---|---|
| Product marketing | The oldest orientation, centred on selling tangible goods. |
| Person marketing | Promoting individuals (politicians, celebrities); predates the social-marketing idea. |
| Services marketing | Grew as economies became service-based, but as a discipline it is generally placed before social marketing. |
Hence, of these, social marketing is the newest to emerge.
Takeaway: social marketing, coined in 1971 to promote socially beneficial behaviour, is the most recent of the listed types.
Similar Questions
Which one of the following marketing practices is outside the purview of the Competition Commission ?
Which one of the following is true about service marketing?
Match the List-I with List-II
LIST I
Societal classification of productsLIST II
Degree of long-run consumer benefit and immediate consumer satisfactionA. Deficient Products I. Low long-run consumer benefit and high immediate satisfaction B. Pleasing Products II. High long-run consumer benefit and high immediate satisfaction C. Salutary Products III. High long-run consumer benefit and low immediate satisfaction D. Desirable Products IV. Low long-run consumer benefit and low immediate satisfaction Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Important Questions from Trends in Marketing
- Assertion (A) : Social marketing differs from other types of marketing as its objective is not to benefit the marketer but to benefit the target audience and the general society.
Reason (R) : Its goal is not to market a product or service per se but to influence a social behaviour that usually carries high public consensus.
Codes : - Arrange the first seven steps to develop a social marketing plan as given by Philip Kotler :
I. Conduct a situation analysis.
II. Identify the competition and target market barriers and motivators.
III. Develop a strategic marketing mix (4 Ps).
IV. Describe the plan background, purpose and focus.
V. Set objectives and goals.
VI. Craft a desired positioning.
VII. Select target markets.
Codes : - Arrange the following category of 'Adopters' as per the speed with which they adopt a new idea, practice or a technology as proposed by Evrett Rogers :
(a) Early Majority
(b) Laggards
(c) Late Majority
(d) Early Adopters
(e) Innovators Which one of the following modes is not an example of Direct and Database marketing communication?
In e-commerce, one of the key design elements of an effective website - community refers to
1. Its layout and design
2. The way site enables user to user communication
3. Sites ability to tailor itself to different users or to allow users to personalize the site
4. Degree that the site is linked to the other sites
