The type of marketing that is the most recent to emerge is :
Social marketing
Option 4 — Social marketing is correct.
Among the four listed types, social marketing is the most recently evolved. The term was formally introduced by Philip Kotler and Gerald Zaltman in 1971. It applies commercial marketing principles and techniques to influence a target audience to voluntarily accept, reject, modify or abandon a behaviour for the benefit of individuals, groups or society as a whole.
Typical examples include anti-smoking, road-safety, immunisation, family-planning and sanitation campaigns — the “product” here is an idea or desirable behaviour rather than a commercial good.
Why the other options are wrong:
| Type | Relative timing |
|---|---|
| Product marketing | The oldest orientation, centred on selling tangible goods. |
| Person marketing | Promoting individuals (politicians, celebrities); predates the social-marketing idea. |
| Services marketing | Grew as economies became service-based, but as a discipline it is generally placed before social marketing. |
Hence, of these, social marketing is the newest to emerge.
Takeaway: social marketing, coined in 1971 to promote socially beneficial behaviour, is the most recent of the listed types.
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LIST I
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