Firefighters are often asked to speak to school and community groups about the importance of fire safety, particularly fire prevention and detection. Because smoke detectors reduce the risk of dying in a fire by half, firefighters often provide audiences with information on how to install these protective devices in their homes. Specially, they tell them these things: A smoke detector should be placed on each floor of a home. While sleeping people are in particular danger of an emergent fire, and there must be a detector outside each sleeping area. A good site for a detector would be a hallway that runs between living spaces and bedrooms. Because of the dead-air space that might be missed by turbulent hot air bouncing around above a fire, smoke detectors should be installed either on the ceiling at least four inches from the nearest wall, or high on a wall at least four, but no further than twelve inches from the ceiling. Detectors should not be mounted near windows, exterior doors, or other places where drafts might direct the smoke away from the unit. Nor should they be placed in kitchens and garages, where cooking and gas fumes are likely to cause false alarms.
The passage states that, compared with people who do not have smoke detectors, persons who live in homes with smoke detectors have a
50% better chance of surviving a fire.
The correct answer is a 50% better chance of surviving a fire.
This is a detail question, so the answer must reproduce the specific figure and claim the passage makes. The passage states that having a working smoke detector cuts the risk of dying in a home fire roughly in half. Framed the way the question does — comparing people who have detectors with people who do not — this means residents with detectors enjoy about a 50% better chance of surviving a fire. The figure (50%) and the outcome (survival) both come straight from the text.
The claim of a 50% better chance of preventing a fire misstates the benefit: detectors do not prevent fires from starting, they warn occupants once a fire has begun, so the survival advantage cannot be recast as a prevention advantage.
The claim of a 75% better chance of detecting a hidden fire introduces a percentage the passage never gives.
The claim of a 100% better chance of not being injured likewise invents a figure; the stated benefit concerns staying alive, not a guarantee against all injury.
Hence the answer is a 50% better chance of surviving a fire.
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