The following three fold essential characteristics attracts which model of government : (i) Supremacy of a written constitution (ii) Distribution of powers amongst various organs of federation and regional units of federation by the provisions of that constitution (iii) Judicial review or enforcement of that supreme constitution as law.
Federalism
Federalism as a form of government is marked by three essential characteristics: (i) supremacy of a written constitution which is the fundamental law, (ii) distribution of powers between the central and the constituent units through the Constitution, and (iii) an independent judiciary to interpret the Constitution and resolve disputes between the Union and the States. K.C. Wheare, Dicey and Bryce all emphasised these features. The Indian Constitution, though styled 'quasi-federal', incorporates all three. Hence, the three-fold characteristics describe federalism.
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