The distribution coefficient \(K_d\) is given by \(K_d = \frac{C_S}{C_L}\) where \(C_S\) = Concentration of impurity in the solid \(C_L\) = Concentration in the liquid Which of the following is not a function of \(K_d\) ?
The orientation of the material
Definition: \(K_d = \frac{C_S}{C_L}\), the ratio of impurity concentration frozen into the growing crystal to that in the melt.
Effective value: \(k_e = \frac{k_0}{k_0 + (1 - k_0)e^{-v\delta/D}}\), so it changes with the growth (pull) rate \(v\).
The equilibrium segregation value is read from the phase diagram, so it also changes with the impurity concentration and with the temperature at the solid-liquid interface.
The crystallographic orientation of the material does not enter this relation, so the coefficient is not a function of it.
Hence, The orientation of the material.
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