The clinical condition shown in the image is 
horseshoe kidney
The image shows a horseshoe kidney, the commonest renal fusion anomaly (about 1 in 400 to 500, male predominance). The kidneys are joined at their lower poles in about 90 per cent of cases by an isthmus crossing the midline anterior to the aorta. Ascent is arrested by the inferior mesenteric artery, so the kidney lies low near L3 with anteriorly facing, malrotated pelves and multiple aberrant arteries. Stasis explains the increased pelviureteric junction obstruction, stones and infection; associations include Turner syndrome, Wilms tumour and transitional cell carcinoma.
A malrotated kidney is normally sited but its pelvis faces anteriorly or laterally, with no fusion. A malascended (ectopic) kidney is arrested in the pelvis or iliac fossa, again a single unfused unit. A doughnut (discoid) kidney is a rarer variant with both poles fused into a single round mass, unlike the U-shaped outline shown.
Key point: Horseshoe kidney equals lower-pole fusion, isthmus caught under the inferior mesenteric artery, and a predisposition to hydronephrosis, stones and infection.
Important Questions from Urinary System & Surgical Disorders
Which of the following statements are correct regarding renal cell carcinoma?
1. It arises from the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule.
2. It has a female preponderance.
3. Major subtypes are clear cell, papillary and chromophobe.
4. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for disease. organ-confined
Select the answer using the code given below.
Which of the following are features of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?
1. Cyst may also occur in liver, pancreas and arachnoid membrane.
2. Most commonly manifests between 20-30 years of age.
3. Clinical manifestations are renal and extrarenal.
4. Men tend to progress to renal failure more rapidly than women.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- Extracorporal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is most commonly used for the treatment of
Which of the following are correct regarding pathology of stress urinary incontinence?
1. Hypermobility of urethra
2. Ascend of bladder neck and proximal urethra above diaphragm
3. Lowered urethral pressure
4. Increased detrusor activity
Select the answer using the code given below.
Which of the following are correct about ectopic ureters ?
1. They are more common in males
2. They drain the upper pole of kidney
3. They are associated with duplex ureter
4. They may cause incontinence
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
