The carbon to nitrogen ratio in soil organic matter is roughly
10 : 1
Soil organic matter (humus) is the stabilised end product of decomposition; microbes respire much of the carbon while conserving nitrogen, so the ratio narrows as residues are humified.
Typical soil organic matter therefore has a C : N ratio of about 10–12 : 1, close to that of soil microbial biomass, which is why it is quoted as roughly 10 : 1.
A ratio of 20 : 1 or higher is typical of fresh plant residues (straw can exceed 80 : 1) and leads to nitrogen immobilisation; ratios below 1 such as 3 : 6 or 3 : 9 would mean more nitrogen than carbon, which no organic matter has.
So the C : N ratio of soil organic matter is roughly 10 : 1.
Hence, 10 : 1.
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