Write short notes in 150 words:
Structure of dipeptide unit of a protein
AA dipeptide is the simplest form of a protein, consisting of two amino acids linked by a peptide bond. Each amino acid contains a central alpha-carbon attached to an amino group (-NH₂), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a distinctive side chain (R group) that determines its chemical properties. Formation of a dipeptide occurs through a condensation reaction, where the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another, releasing a molecule of water and creating a covalent peptide bond (-CO-NH-). The resulting dipeptide has a free amino end (N-terminus) and a free carboxyl end (C-terminus), while retaining the side chains of both amino acids. For example, a glycine-alanine dipeptide has different properties from a serine-valine dipeptide due to the chemical nature of their side chains. Peptide bonds are rigid and planar, providing structural stability, influencing protein folding, and ultimately determining biological function in enzymes, signaling molecules, and structural proteins.
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