Understanding the Ghadar Party and its Leaders

The question asks about the primary organisation associated with Sohan Singh Bhakna and Har Dayal. These two individuals were prominent figures in the Indian independence movement, particularly known for their activities outside India.

Examining the Options

Let's look at the organisations provided in the options and their connection to Sohan Singh Bhakna and Har Dayal:

• Ghadar Party: This was a revolutionary organisation formed by expatriate Indians, primarily Sikhs, in the United States and Canada. It aimed to overthrow British rule in India.
• Kisan Sabha: This term generally refers to peasant movements and organisations in India, focusing on farmers' rights.
• Anushilan Samiti: This was a revolutionary group operating mainly in Bengal, focusing on militant nationalism within India.
• Yugantar: Also a revolutionary group based in Bengal, closely linked with Anushilan Samiti.

Sohan Singh Bhakna and Har Dayal's Association

Sohan Singh Bhakna was a key founder of the Ghadar Party. He served as its first president. Lala Har Dayal was another pivotal figure in the Ghadar Party. He was a prominent intellectual, writer, and propagandist for the party, serving as its secretary and editor of the party's newspaper, also called 'Ghadar'.

Their leadership roles and significant contributions were central to the Ghadar Party's formation, ideology, and activities from its inception in the early 20th century. The party organised Indian immigrants, mainly in North America, advocating for an armed revolt against the British in India.

Analyzing the Correct Connection

Based on historical records, Sohan Singh Bhakna and Har Dayal's most significant and primary association during this revolutionary phase was with the Ghadar Party. While individuals might have tangential connections to other movements or organisations over their lifetime, their joint and defining role was in the Ghadar movement.

Comparing this with other options:

• Kisan Sabha movements primarily gained prominence later and were focused domestically.
• Anushilan Samiti and Yugantar were active in Bengal and represented a different stream of revolutionary nationalism, less directly connected to these two leaders' activities abroad.

Therefore, the Ghadar Party is the correct organisation primarily associated with both Sohan Singh Bhakna and Har Dayal.

Revision Table: Indian Revolutionary Organisations

Additional Information: The Ghadar Movement

The Ghadar Movement was a significant effort by Indian expatriates to liberate India from British rule. Founded in 1913, its headquarters were in San Francisco. The word 'Ghadar' means 'rebellion' or 'mutiny'. The party aimed to incite a mutiny within the British Indian Army.

• The party published a newspaper called 'Ghadar', which spread its revolutionary message among the Indian diaspora, especially in North America and parts of Asia.
• Lala Har Dayal's writings in the 'Ghadar' newspaper were highly influential in propagating the party's ideology.
• Sohan Singh Bhakna, as the first president, played a crucial role in organising the party and uniting different factions of Indians abroad.
• During World War I, the Ghadar Party attempted to organise an armed uprising in India, collaborating with other revolutionaries like Rash Behari Bose. However, these attempts were largely unsuccessful due to various factors, including British intelligence and lack of coordinated support within India.
• Despite its limited success in triggering a widespread revolt, the Ghadar Movement significantly contributed to the anti-colonial struggle by raising political consciousness among Indians abroad and inspiring future generations of revolutionaries.